| United States Patent |
4,798,661
|
|
Meyer
|
January 17, 1989
|
Gas generator voltage control circuit
Abstract
A power supply in a system utilizing as a source of fuel a generator for
separating hydrogen and oxygen gasses from natural water and having the
capabilities to control the production of gasses by varying the amplitude
of the voltage and/or the pulse repetition rate of the voltage pulses
applied to a pair of plate exciters in a vessel of natural water,
comprising a sequence of circuitry operative to limit the current of a
d.c. potential to a minimum value relative to the magnitude of the voltage
applied to the plate exciters. The circuits each function up to a given
magnitude of voltage to inhibit and curtail the flow of electrons from the
plate exciter having the negative voltage potential applied thereto. The
first circuit operative from a first magnitude of voltage comprises
converting the voltage potential applied to the plate exciters to a
unipolar pulse voltage d.c. of a repetitive frequency. The next circuit
varies the duty cycle of the unipolar pulse voltage d.c.; followed by
rearranging the application of the voltage to the exciters to individual
exciters each having the voltage applied thereto independently of the
other plate exciters in the generator. The next circuit comprises an
electron inhibitor that prevents the flow of electrons; the circuit being
in the terminal line between the negative plate exciter and ground. In
those applications of the generator wherein excessively high voltage is to
be applied to the plate exciters for a very high yield of gasses, a second
electron inhibitor of a unique structure is serially connected with the
first electron inhibiter. The second named inhibiter having a relatively
fixed value and the first inhibiter connected in series is variable to
fine tune the circuits to eliminate current flow.
| Inventors:
|
Meyer; Stanley A. (3792 Broadway Blvd., Grove City, OH 43123)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
715749 |
| Filed:
|
March 25, 1985 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
204/229.5; 204/278; 204/DIG9 |
| Intern'l Class: |
C25B 009/04; C25B 015/02 |
| Field of Search: |
204/228,278,129,DIG. 8,DIG. 9,225
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Scientific American, Feb. 1987, "The Amateur Scientist," pp. 134-138, Jearl
Walker, author.
|
Primary Examiner: Valentine; Donald R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur
Claims
I claim:
1. In a generator for producing a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and other
dissolved gas from natural water which generator includes at least a pair
of plate exciters within a water containing vessel, a variable voltage
source for applying a pulsating predetermined potential difference between
the plates and wherein the rate of production of the mixture of gasses is
controlled by varying at least one of the amplitude of the voltage and the
pulse repetition rate of the pulsating potential difference applied to the
plate exciters, and in which said variable voltage source includes a means
for restricting the current flow between the plate exciters to a minimum
value relative to a predetermined potential difference applied to the
plates, the improvement in the means for restricting said current flow
comprising: variable voltage source means for converting an input voltage
potential to unipolar d.c. voltage pulses that are applied to the exciter
plates and have a pulsating potential difference when measured from an
arbitrary ground, said means further including means for regulating the
voltage pulses in a repetitive frequency to inhibit the current flow
caused by electron leakage between the plate exciters resulting from the
amplitude of the applied voltage potential whereby said current flow is
inhibited from exceeding a first minimum level.
2. The variable voltage source of claim 1 wherein said input voltage is an
alternating current voltage and said circuit for converting said
alternating current voltage to unipolar d.c. voltage pulses further
comprises, means for varying the frequency of said alternating current
voltage input to further inhibit electron leakage upon increasing the
amplitude of the voltage applied to the plate exciters to a second level.
3. The variable voltage source of claim 1 wherein said input voltage is an
alternating current voltage and said circuit for converting said
alternating current voltage to unipolar d.c. voltage pulses further
comprises, a transformer having primary and secondary windings, and a
rectifier circuit connected across said secondary windings.
4. The variable voltage source of claim 1 wherein said input voltage is an
alternating current voltage and said circuit for converting said
alternating current voltage to a unipolar d.c. voltage pulses further
comprises, a transformer having primary and secondary windings, and a
rectifier circuit connected across said secondary windings; and wherein
said transformer further includes variable inductive means for varying the
output frequency of the voltage induced in said secondary winding to
further inhibit electron leakage upon increasing the amplitude of the
voltage applied to the plate exciters to a third level.
5. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 further
comprising a pulse forming circuit for varying the duty cycle of said
unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to a predetermined repetition rate to inhibit
electron leakage upon increasing the amplitude of the voltage applied to
the plate exciters to a fourth level.
6. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein means
are further provided to vary the amplitude of the duty cycle pulses to
vary the rate of production of the hydrogen and oxygen gasses, further
comprising means for correlating the repetition of said duty cycle pulses
with the amplitude of said duty cycle pulses to provide an average
amplitude pulse below the amplitude level causing electron leakage.
7. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying of the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to inhibit
electron leakage is a periodic varying.
8. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to inhibit
electron leakage is an aperiodic varying.
9. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying of the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to inhibit
electron leakage comprise circuit means for varying the amplitude of said
duty cycle pulses from a first gradient level to a second gradient level.
10. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying of the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to inhibit
electron leakage comprises circuit means for varying the duty cycle pulses
to a plurality of distinctive gradient levels.
11. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying of the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to inhibit
electron leakage comprises circuit means for nonuniformly varying the duty
cycle pulses to a plurality of distinctive gradient levels.
12. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein the
frequency of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses varied in duty cycle is
non-repetitive.
13. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 5 wherein said
varying of the duty cycle of said pulses to inhibit electron leakage
comprise circuit means for varying the amplitude from a first gradient
minimum level to a plurality of gradient levels.
and wherein each or said gradient levels fo amplitude represent demand
functions for a utilitarian device.
14. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
input voltage is an alternating current voltage and said circuit for
converting said alternating current voltage to a unipolar d.c. voltage
pulses further comprises means for varying the frequency of said
alternating voltage including a transformer having a primary winding and a
secondary winding, and wherein said means is connected to the input of the
primary of said transformer.
15. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of a particular
frequency of the voltage back and forth motion between said exciter
plates, and
means for varying said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses in frequency to match
the wavelength distance of said pair of plate exciters.
16. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of a particular
frequency of the voltage back and forth motion between said exciter
plates, and
pulse forming means for varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c.
voltage; and
means for varying said duty cycle pulse in repetition rate to match the
wavelength distance of said pair of plate exciters.
17. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of particular
frequncey of the voltage back and forth motion between said exciter
plates, and
pulse forming means for varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c.
voltage ; and
means for varying said duty cycle pulse in repetition rate to match the
wavelength distance of said pair of plate exciters,
and means for varying the amplitude of said duty cycle pulses to a minimum
level to maintain resonance between said pair of plate exciters; and
means for varying the repetition frequency of said unipolar d.c. voltage
pulses to vary the rate of generation of gasses.
18. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of a particular
frequency of the voltage back and forth motion between said exciter
plates,
means for varying said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses in frequency to match
the wavelength distance of said pair of plate exciters,
means for varying the amplitude of said unipolar d.c.voltage pulses to a
minimum level to maintain resonance between said pair of plate exciters;
and
pulse forming means for varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c.
voltage pulses,
means for varying said duty cycle pulses in repetition rate to vary the
rate of generation of gasses.
19. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of a particular
frequency of the voltage back and forth motion between said exciter
plates,
pulse forming means for varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c.
voltage in repetition rate to match the wavelength distance of said pair
of plate exciters; and means for varying the amplitude of said duty cycle
pulses from a first gradient minimum level to maintain resonance between
said pair of plate exciters to a second gradient level.
20. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 18 further
comprising means for varying said duty cycle pulses to a plurality of
distinctive gradient levels, and wherein the minimum amplitude level of
said plurality is sufficient to maintain resonance between said pair of
plate exciters.
21. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprises a ground and an electron inhibiting resistive element connected
between said negative plate and ground.
22. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprises a ground and an electron inhibiting variable resistive element
connected between said negative plate and ground, an means to vary said
resistive element to maximize electron inhibition.
23. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprises a pair of plates and a resistive material sandwiched
therebetween,
a ground and means for connecting said sandwich to ground to limit electron
leakage.
24. The variable voltage source of the gnerator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprises a pair of plates and a resistive material sandwiched
therebetween,
said plates of poor conductive material,
a ground and means for connecting said sandwich to ground.
25. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprises a pair of plates and a resistive material sandwiched
therebetween and wherein said resistive material comprises a resistive
material and a binder,
means for varying the percentage of binder to vary the resistance of said
material,
a ground and means for connecting said sandwich to ground to limit electron
leakage.
26. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
exciter plate having said negative voltage applied thereto further
comprising a pair of plates and a resistive material sandwiched
therebetween,
a variable resistor,
ground and means connecting said plate sandwich in series with said
variable resistor to ground, and
means for varying said variable resistance to minimize electron leakage to
said negative plate.
27. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 pair of plate
exciter is a plurality of plate exciters, means for connecting said
positive potential to each one of said said plates independantly and means
for connecting said negative potential to each one of said other plates
independantly,
and means for connecting a resistive element between ground and each one of
said plates having said negative voltage applied thereto.
28. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1 wherein said
input voltage is a direct current voltage, means for converting said
direct current voltage to unipolar d.c. voltage pulses comprising:
a rotating field comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding and
wherein said direct current voltage is connected to said primary winding,
a rectifier connected to said secondary winding of said rotating field.
29. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 28 wherein said
input voltage is a direct current and said secondary windings are a
plurality of windings; and wherein the number of pulses at the output of
said rectifier is equal to the number of windings.
30. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 28 wherein the
frequency of the voltage pulses induced in said secondary is dependant on
the speed of rotation of said rotating field.
31. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 28 wherein the
amplitude of the voltage induced in the secondary is dependant on the
number of turns in said secondary winding.
32. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 28 further
comprising a pulse forming circuit having said direct current voltage
connected thereto and the output pulses connected to said primary to vary
the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses.
33. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 1,
the improvement in the said current limiting circuit comprising:
circuit component means for converting an input voltage to unipolar d.c.
voltage pulses of a repetitive frequency to inhibit electron leakage upon
varying the amplitude of the applied voltage above a first predetermined
amplitude level,
a pulse forming circuit for varying the duty cycle of said unipolar d.c.
voltage pulses to a predetermined repetition rate to inhibit electron
leakage upon varying the amplitude of the voltage beyond a second level of
amplitude
circuit means for varying the frequency of said unipolar d.c. voltage
pulses to inhibit electron leakage upon varying the amplitude of the
applied voltage above a third predetermined level,
a ground and a variable resistive element connected between said plate
exciter having said negative voltage applied thereto and ground to limit
electron leakage upon varying the amplitude of the voltage beyond a fourth
level of amplitude,
a pair of plates and a resistive material sandwiched therebetween connected
to said plate exciter having said negative voltage connected thereto and
the end of said variable resistor opposite to the ground connection, to
limit electron leakage upon varying the amplitude of said voltage applied
to said plates bea fifth level.
34. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 further
comprising:
means for correlating the variation in amplitude of said voltage with the
variation in the frequency of said unipolar duty cycle pulses.
35. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 further
comprising:
means for correlating the variation in amplitude of said voltage with the
variation in the duty cycle pulses of the unipolar d.c. voltage pulses.
36. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein said
pair of exciter plates are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of the particular
frequency of motion,
means for varying said duty cycle pulses in repetition rate to match the
wavelength distance of said pair of plate exciters,
means for varying the amplitude of said duty cycle pulses to a minimum
level to maintain resonance between said pair of plate exciters,
means for varying the repetition frequency of said unipolar d.c. voltage
pulses to vary the rate of generation of the gasses.
37. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein said
pair of plate exciters are spatially positioned in said natural water with
a physical distance therebetween of a wavelength to that of the particular
frequency of motion,
means for varying the frequency of said unipolar d.c. voltage pulses to
match the wavelength diatance of said pair of plate exciters,
means for varying the repetition rate of said duty cycle pulse to vary the
rate of generation of gasses
38. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein said
means for correlating the amplitude of said variation in amplitude with
the repetition rate of said duty cycle pulses, further comprises varying
the amplitude of said duty cycle pulses to distinctive amplitudes.
39. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein,
means for varying the spacing between said spatially positioned plate
exciters to vary the rate of generation of the hydrogen and oxygen gasses.
40. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein,
means for varying the spacing between said spatially positioned plate
exciters to vary the rate of generation of the hydrogen and oxygen gasses;
means for correlating the variation of said spacing of said exciters to the
control of electron leakage between said plate exciters.
41. The variable voltage source of the generator of claim 33 wherein,
means for varying the spacing between said spacing of said exciters to
match the distance between said plate exciters in wavelengths to a given
pulse repetition rate.
Description
BACKGROUND AND CROSS REFERENCES
The phenomena of physics was discovered that the hydrogen atoms in the
water molecule will take on a positive charge whereas the oyxgen atom in
the water molecule takes on a negative charge when the water molecule is
exposed to an electrical voltage. The two hydrogen positive charged atoms
and the one oxygen negative charged atoms, in magnitude, are in a state of
equilibrium .
In my co-pending patent application, Ser. No. 302,807, now abandoned for
Hydrogen Generator, the above noted principle of polarization is utilized.
The simultaneous application of a positive voltage pulse to one plate
exciter and a negative polarized voltage pulse to the other plate exciter
in a vessel of natural water, will form polarized voltage electrical zones
around the plates of a respective polarity. The positive voltage plate
exciter zone attracts the negative charged atoms of the water molecule and
the negative voltage plate exciter zone attracts the positive charged
hydrogen atoms of the water molecule.
The opposing attractive forces causes the hydrogen and oxygen atoms to
disassociate from the water molecule; and thereby, release the hydrogen
and oxygen gasses.
In that natural water is utilized in the generator and that natural water
contains a considerable percentage of ambient air, ambient air gas will
also be released similarly to the oxygen and hydrogen gasses from the
water molecule.
The above described process is apparently not a chemical reaction process
such as in Faraday's Laws. In that process electrolyte is added to
distilled water to draw current. The reaction of the electrolyte with that
of the corrosive electrodes releases the hydrogen and oxygen gasses.
Characteristically, Faraday's Laws requires:
"The rate of deomposition of an electrolyte is dependant on current and
independant of voltage. xxx will depend on current regardless of voltage,
provided the voltage exceeds a minimum for a potential."
In the voltage dependant/current restricted process of my co-pending patent
application, the disassociation of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms from the
water molecule, is attributed to the physical force attraction of the
polarized zones adjacent the plate exciters on the charged hydrogen and
oxygen atoms having a polarity opposite to that of the polarized zone.
This physical force is exemplified in my co-pending patent application,
Ser. No. 422,594, filed Sept. 24, 1982, now abandoned for Hydrogen
Generator Resonant Cavity, wherein the principle of physics that physical
motion of an element between spatially positioned structures will resonate
if the distance between the structures, in wavelengths, is matched to the
frequency of the force causing the physical motion, is utilized in a
practical and useful embodiment. The d.c. voltage--with current
restricted, applied to the pair of plate exciters spatially positioned in
a vessel of natural water, is pulsed. The pulsing voltage on the plate
exciters applying a physical force is matched in repetition rate to the
wavelength of the spacing of the plate exciters. The physical motion of
the hydrogen and oxygen charged atoms being attracted to the opposite
polarity zones will go into resonance. The self sustaining resonant motion
of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the water molecule greatly enhances
their disassociation from the water molecule.
In my co-pending patent application, Ser. No. 411,977, filed Aug. 25, 1982,
for Controlled Hydrogen Gas Flame, the gasses separated from the water,
the hydrogen and oxygen together with the ambient air non-combustible
gasses, are mixed as they are released by the generator. The mixture of
gasses are collected in a pressure chamber in the generator and thereafter
expelled through a nozzle having a port configuration with openings
dependant on the mixture of gasses. The nozzle is connected directly to
the collection chamber and ignited.
The gas mixture has a reduced velocity and temperature of the burning flame
from that which would occur solely with a hydrogen and oxygen mixture. To
further control the flame, there is added to the mixture other
non-combusitble gasses in a controlled amount. Accordingly, the nozzle
ports is related to the temperature and velocity of the flame. The several
ports will accommodate flames of greater size without the danger of
flashback or blowout such as would happen with a single flame.
This physical force is further demonstrated in the plate separation
phenomena of the first aforementioned co-pending patent application.
Simply, the closer the spacing between the plate exciters the greater the
attractive force of the opposite polarity plate exciters on the charged
hydrogen and oxygen atoms of the water molecule. With a given spacing, an
increase in the magnitude of the voltage applied to the plate exciters
will result in an increase in the rate of production of the gasses. With a
voltage of a fixed amplitude a variation in the plate exciter spacing will
affect the rate of production of the gasses. An increase in the spacing
will result in less generation, whereas a decrease in the spacing of the
plate exciters will result in an increase in gasses.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS
The electrical phenomena of a positive potential voltage applied to one
plate exciter and the application of a negative voltage potential applied
to another plate exciter positioned in a vessel of water, may now be
considered.
Distilled water, like air, having no conductive meduim, will inherently
inhibit electron leakage. The magnitude of the applied voltage to the pair
of plate exciters is correlated with the physical force on the electron
movement. The magnitude of the initial force and the magnitude of the
force to leak the electrons, and thereafter cause current flow, may be
calculated or more readily empirically determined.
A small amplitude negative voltage applied to the negative plate exciter,
will cause a physical disturbance to the movement of the floating
electrons. However, the small amplitude voltage is insufficient to cause
the electrons to leak and enter the attractive field force area of the
positive plate. As the magnitude of the applied voltage is increased, the
disturbance to the movement of the electrons is increased. With a further
increase in the amplitude of the voltage applied to the plate exciters--to
a limiting level, the resistance of the meduim to the attractive force of
the opposite polarity exciter plate on the electron leakage will be
overcome.
As the electron leakage enhances, the flow of the electrons to the positive
plate exciter gradually increases as they enter the attractive field of
the positive plate. Upon attaining a heavy flow of electrons reaching the
positive plate attractive area, arcing will occur. An electrical arc is
formed between the two plate exciters. When this occurs a direct short
conductive flow of current will flow across the plates.
The electrical arc between the pair of plate exciters will form a direct
line of conductivity; current will flow unrestricted. Upon the electron
leakage attaining a direct short, the current is at a maximum. The voltage
being subjected to the current takeover decreases gradually upon initial
electron leakage and thereafter drops as the flow of electrons increases.
When the electron leakage arcs over to the positive potential plate
exciter, the voltage will drop to zero.
As stated above, the spacing between the pair of plate exciters in a vessel
of water having a d.c. voltage applied, is correlated with the gas
production rate. The closer the spacing between the pair of plate
exciters, the greater the yield of gas generated. If the spacing of the
pair of plate exciters is altered to a minimum spacing level, the
attractive force of the positive polarity plate will overcome the
resistance of the water meduim. Electron leakage will occur and from
gradually to rapidly increase until arcing between the pair of plate
exciters forms a direct path and consequently a direct short.
The distance between the plates and the amplitude of the voltage applied,
each independantly affect the other. The two variable factors are
interrelated; the one being variable relative to the other. The spacing
being inversely proportional to the amplitude of the voltage.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the utilization of a generator for the separation of the hydrogen and
oxygen gasses from water; and wherein the production of the gasses is
varied by varying the amplitude of the voltage and/or the pulse rate--duty
cycle of the pulsed d.c. voltage applied to the plate exciters in a vessel
of water: the present invention comprises a power supply with the applied
voltage to the pair of plate exciters variable from zero upward to
extremely high voltages; but yet, that inhibits the electron leakage.
The power supply of the present invention includes circuitry for an
increased production of the generation of the gasses through varying the
amplitude of the voltage applied to the plate exciters. The circuitry
includes means and components for restriction of the electron leakage
(current flow).
The applied voltage to the pair of plate exciters is a unipolar pulse d.c.
voltage of a repetitive frequency. Alternate power circuitry is utilized.
In the first embodiment the input voltage is alternating current fed to a
bridge rectifier; whereas in the second preferred embodiment, the input
voltage is direct current applied to the primary of a rotating field
secondary winding.
With a very low level of amplitude of the voltage applied to the plate
exciters, no electron leakage from the negative potential plate exciter to
the positive potential attractive field will occur. An amplitude of the
voltage above a first forceful level will cause electron leakage. The
circuitry of the invention overcomes the electron leakage with the
application to the plate exciters the aforesaid pulsed d.c. voltage.
An increase in amplitude of the applied voltage above a second level, will
result in electron leakage.
To obtain additional gas production without electron leakage, circuitry in
the power supply prevents electron leakage by varying the duty cycle of
the pulsed d.c.voltage applied to the plate exciters. The varying levels
of amplitude of the duty cycle pulses effectively restrains the electrons
from the B+ attractive field.
The pulsating d.c. voltage and the duty cycle pulses have a maximum
amplitude of the level that would cause electron leakage. Varying of the
amplitude to an amplitude of maximum level to an amplitude below the
maximum level of the pulses, provide an average amplitude below the
maximum limit; but with the force of the maximum limit.
In most instances of a practical application of the hydrogen and oxygen
generator the pair of plate exciters will be several pairs connected in
parallel. There will be one terminal to the positive voltage and another
terminal to the negative voltage. A further expediency to eliminate
electron leakage is attained by eliminating the large surface area
probability of stray electrons.
It is noted that the first two circuit components and the multiple
connections for restricing electron leakage relates to the plate exciter
having the negative voltage applied thereto. That is the circuitry
overcomes the attractive force of the B+ potential field. Additional
circuitry is provided for very high yield gas production above the
aforesaid upper limits, in the negative applied voltage plate exciter.
A circuit is included in the negative plate exciter that practicaly
eliminates electron flow; that is, the electrons are prevented from
reaching the negative plate exciter and thereby eliminating the affect of
the attractive force of the B+ field. A current limiting resister
connected between the negative plate exciter and ground, prevents current
flow--electron leakage to the the opposite polarity field.
The circuit comprises a limiter resistor connected between the negative
plate and ground that blocks current flow--electron leakage to the
negative plate. The practical elimination of the current has no affect on
the voltage, in the preferred embodiment, since there is no voltage drop.
In a sophisticated embodiment, the limiting resistor comprises a unique
structure of poorly conductive material having a resistive mixture
sandwiched therebetween. A second resistor of the variable type is
serially connected to the unique limiter for tuning. The value of the
limiting resistance is determined by the current passing therethrough. The
variable is employed until the ammeter reads zero or close to zero as
possible.
The sandwich type limiter is varied in value by controlling the mixture of
resistive material to binder.
The circuitry and expedients to inhibit the electron leakage at all levels
of the magnitude of the voltage applied to the plate exciters is equence
of steps and functions operable from predetermined circuit components. The
order of the circuit functions is set and preferably not altered; however,
each of the specific variables can be varied independantly and varied with
interrelated function to the other.
The phenomena that the spacing between two objects is related to the
wavelength of a physical motion between the two objects is utilized
herein. A relatively small increase in amplitude will yield an output
several magnitudes greater when the motion of the water molecule is moving
to and fro with a repetition rate to match the resonant length of the
spacing between the pair of exciters.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is a principle object of the present invention to provide a power supply
for a hydrogen and oxygen gas generator wherein varying the voltage
amplitude varies the rate of generation of the gasses generated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such a power supply
that includes circuitry to permit voltage to be varied in amplitude with
current restrict to a minimum relative to the amplitude of the voltage.
A further object of the present invention is to provide such a power supply
for a hydrogen and oxygen generator wherein the electron leakage between
the plate exciters is inhibited.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a power supply for
a hydrogen and oxygen generator including circuitry for a unipolar pulse
d.c. voltage of a repetitive frequency from either an alternating or a
direct current input.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a power supply
having varying levels of voltage indicative of varing levels of gas
generation that is programmable with a utilitarian device, particularly,
when the generator has exciters spaced a distance in wavelength matched by
the voltage pulse frequency.
Further objects and features of the present invention will become apparent
from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the
drawings in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an overall illustration of the present invention in a preferred
embodiment; the components shown partly in blockschematic and partly
pictorially.
FIG. 2 is a first waveform illustrating the unipolar pulse d.c voltage of
repetitive frequency with a uniform duty cycle.
FIG. 3 illustrates the unipolar pulse voltage with a continuous repetitive
frequency.
FIG. 4 illustrates the unipolar pulse voltage of a repetitive frequency
having a uniform duty cycle from a low gradient level to high gradient
level; FIG. 4A illustrates the duty cycle as being non-uniform and between
gradient levels; FIG. B illustrates the duty cycle comprising varying
gradient levels and of non-uniform repetition; and FIG. 4C illustrates the
varying gradient levels as being uniform.
FIG. 5 illustrates partly schematic and partly in block the pulse frequency
generator from a direct current voltage source.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the circuitry for programming the varying levels
of voltage to practical applications.
FIG. 7 is a crossectional perspective of a multiple layer sandwich
resistive element for inhibiting electron leakage.
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of the varying limitations of voltage
amplitude for inhibiting electron leakage.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, there is illustrated
the present invention in its preferred embodiment of a power supply for
the aforementioned hydrogen and oxygen gas generator, providing variable
amplitude voltage with inhibited electron leakage.
The alternating current rectifier circuit 10 comprises input alternating
current terminals 12 and 14. Switch 13 is a typical on/off switch.
Transformer 10 is an inductive primary and secondary transformer connected
to a bridge rectifier 15. The inductive field 11 of the transformer 10 is
variable in a known manner to yield a variable frequency alternating
voltage/current to the primary winding.
The bridge 15 arms are connected across the input of the secondary winding
of the transformer 10. The upper and lower arms are connected across the
extreme ends of the secondary winding and the left hand arm is connected
to the output of the rectifier 15. The right arm is connected to ground
20. The rectifier inverts the negative swing of the alternatng current and
thereby results in an output voltage pulse of a frequency twice that of
the input frequency of the alternating current voltage applied to the
terminals 12 and 14.
It is appreciated that if the alternating current voltage is varied in
frequency by the variable inductive field 11, the output frequency across
the bridge 15 will still be twice the frequency of the alternating voltage
across the secondary of the transformer secondary winding 10.
As noted in the aforesaid co-pending patent application, the rate of
generation of the gasses is directly related to the amplitude of the
applied voltage to the pair of plate exciters.
The power supply of FIG. 1 includes a variable circuit 30 for varying the
amplitude of the rectified voltage by rectifier 15. The variable voltage
circuit , in turn, is directly controlled by the gas rate function
separately, sequential, and together with the phenomena of a reseonant
cavity.
The waveform output of the bridge is shown as a unipolar d.c. voltage pulse
of a repetitive frequency (hereinafter referred to as a d.c. voltage). It
is noted that the pulse voltage is not filtered and the plate effect is
utilized.
As stated, a voltage with an amplitude below the minimum level for example,
with a given size apparatus, 2.5 volts (L-1 of FIG. 8) when applied to the
pair of plate exciters, is insufficient amplitude to force the electrons
to leak from the negative plate exciter. The hydrogen and oxygen gasses
will be separated from the water at the low level of voltage amplitude;
and the gasses generated will also be at the minimum.
Above the minimum level (L-1 of FIG. 8) of amplitude, the applied voltage
will have a sufficient force to agitate and cause movement of the
electrons around the negative plate exciter. As a consequence electron
leakage would take place.
To overcome the forceful effect on the electrons around the negative plate
exciter, but apply a voltage of increased amplitude for an increase in gas
production, the first step in a sequence is utilized. The pulsed d.c.
voltage having a frequency predetermined by the input alternating current
to the transformer 10, is applied to the plate exciter.
The maximum amplitude of the d.c. voltage pulse is sufficient to cause an
increase in gas production; however, the minimum amplitude of the pulsed
d.c. voltage is insufficient to cause electron leakage. The average of the
maximum and the minimum results in an increase gas output but without
electron leakage.
The physical force on the movement of the electrons around the negative
plate exciter is further controlled in specific situations by varying the
frequency of the pulsed d.c. voltage. The frequency of the pulsed d.c.
voltage may be altered by an alternating current of another frequency
applied to the input terminals 12 and 14. Alternatively, the frequency of
the pulsed d.c. voltage may be varied as shown by the variable transformer
10 winding 11.
With reference to FIG. 3, the unipolar pulsed d.c. voltage of a constant
frequency is illustrated. In the first mentioned variation of the
amplitude of the pulsed voltage, there is further shown in FIG. 3 voltage
levels from OV, Va xxx Vn. As noted below a variation of amplitude above
the predetermined levels will permit electron leakage.
Refering to FIG. 8, there is illustrated an appreciation of the
significance of electron leakage. Initially it is to be noted that the
first amplitude level, L-1, is when electron leakage occurs. Prior to
leakage, voltage V.sub.1 increases on demand. At the level L-1, when
leakage occurs, current begins to flow and as a consequence the voltage
V.sub.2 begins to drop. The current flow increase is proportional to the
voltage decrease; and upon arcing, a dead short condition for current
takeover, the voltage V.sub.2 drops to zero.
The same rise and fall in amplitude of the voltage versus current flow
repeats at amplitude levels L-2. L-3, L-4, and L-5; again, in a given size
apparatus, voltages of 4, 5.5, 7, and 8.5.
It is seen then, that it is paramount that electron leakage must be
curtailed when the operation of the system is dependant on voltage, such
as the generator utilized herein.
Returning to the overall circuit of FIG. 1, the unipolar pulsating d.c.
voltage is an improvement in raising the amplitude of the voltage without
electron leakage. Unfortunately, it too, has a voltage amplitude limit of
4.0 volts as shown by L-2 of FIG. 8.
To further restrict current flow with amplitude voltages above the level
L-2 of FIG. 8, electron leakage is inhibited from the exciter plate having
the negative voltage applied thereto, by varying the duty cycle pulse of
the pulsed d.c. voltages as shown FIGS. 2, 3, and 8. In an initial
application the pulsed d.c. voltage is switched on and off for equal
periods of time.
With reference again to FIG. 1, the variable pulsing circuit comprises an
electronic switch SCR 28 operable from one state to another form the
optocoupler timing circuit 26. The operation and of the pulsing of a
voltage is within the state of the art.
Diode 29, a blocking diode, is operable in the accepted manner to eliminate
stray electrons, shorts, variances, spurious signals, and the like. In
addition the diode 29 blocks the back-electromagnetic force.
The pulsing of the pulsed d.c. voltage, as shown by the waveform of FIG. 2,
comprises switching, via trigger circuit 26, the pulsed d.c. voltage on an
off--in a first instance. As will be understood below relative to the
programming circuit of FIG. 6, the time period of the pulses may be varied
periodically or aperiodically, the duration of the on/off period may be
varied, the gradient level of the on/off pulses may be varied, and all of
the above may be interrelated into a sequence of duty pulses with the
varying conditions all as shown in FIGS. 4, 4A, 4B, and 4C.
The duty pulses are effective much in the same manner as the pulsed d.c.
voltage pulses in the function of inhibiting electron leakage. The
"second" series of force on the electrons around the plate exciter, having
the negative potential voltage applied, in terms of voltage amplitude is
greater. However, the greater amplitude is averaged by the double pulses
to an effective voltage of an amplitude to inhibit electron leakage.
As previously stated, the voltage pulses applied to the plate exciters
further enhance the rate of generation of the gasses. Accordingly, to
achieve the most effective relationship between gas generation and current
limiting, the voltage amplitude is interrelated to the pulse repetition
rate of the duty pulses in FIG. 1. Also, the rate of production is related
to the frequency of the unipolar d.c. voltage, the frequency then should
be interrelated to the duty cycle pulses.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, mechanical switch 40 is a known means
for applying the voltages to the plate exciters individually and
sequentialy. The negative plate exciter is the center conductor of an
inner and outer arrangement. The negative plate exciter is connected to
ground 20; ground 20 being the power supply ground.
The dual pulses comprised of the freqeuncy repetitive pulses and the duty
cycle pulses similarly to the previous configuration. The amplitude is
effective to increase the output gas generation with an upper limit of 5.5
volts, in this instance L-3 of FIG. 8.
In a typical configuration of the hydrogen generator of the aforementioned
co-pending application, the plate exciters will comprise a plurality of
pairs. In the previous configurations the positive voltage was applied in
parallel to all the inner plates; whereas the negative voltage was applied
to all of the inner plate exciters in parallel. It has been found that an
increased surface between the inner and the outer plates will increase the
probability of an electron breaking free and leaking to the attractive
field of the positive voltage plate. The surface leakage has been
eliminated by applying separately and individually the positive voltage to
each of the outer plate exciters and the negative voltage to each of the
inner plate exciters.
With reference to FIG. 8 again, it is seen that although the serially
connected exciter plates do permit a higher amplitude of voltage to be
applied, it too, has a limitation L-4 of 7 volts.
The next expediency in the sequence for inhibiting electron leakage is the
current inhibitor resister 60 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. The circuit 60
comprises a simple resistor of the commercial type or specially made for
the particular application. The resistor is variable to provide fine
tuning of the electron inhibiting. In that the each pair of plate exciters
are connected separately, a resistor 60a xxx 60n is connected to each of
the plates having the negative voltage connected therto. In this
embodiment the inner plate of the exciters 50a xxx 50n. In that the inner
plate had been normally connected to ground, the resistive element is now
connected between the inner plate and ground.
As known in electrical art the resistor will provide a complete block to
electron leakage--current flow. However, since the resistor 60 is
connected from ground-to-ground there is no real affect on the voltage;
and since there is no connection with the positive side there is no
voltage drop.
The electron leakage resistor will again raise the upper limit of 8.5 volts
amplitude before breakdown as shown at L-5 of FIG. 8. In the generation of
the hydrogen and oxygen gasses to an infinite limit, as yet not fully
appreciated, the upper level of amplitude of the voltage is removed with
the utilization of the electron inhibitor of FIG. 7.
In this embodiment of the current inhibitor connected to the inner plate
having the negative voltage applied thereto, comprises a stainless steel
sandwich 70/74 with a resistive material therebetween. The stainless steel
is a poor conductive material and hence will restrict to some extent the
electron flow. Other poor conductive material may be utilized in lieu of
the stainless steel. The electron inhibitor 70/74 is connected in the same
manner as resistor 60--between the inner plate having the negative
potential connected to it and ground.
The resistive value of the electron inhibitor 70/74 is chosen empirically
to a closest value, thereafter the total value of the resistance is fine
tuned by the resistor 75 connected serially between the inner plate and
ground.
To alter the resistive value of the electron inhibitor 70/74, the resistive
material 72 comprising a mixture with a binder is altered in the
percentage of resistive material to binder.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 8, the pulse d.c. voltage of a repetitive
frequency and the duty cycle pulses, together with the serially connected
plate exciter techniques in the sequence for limiting the electron leakage
is in relation to the positive exciter outer plate. The current inhibitor
resistor 60 and the current inhibitor resistor 70/74 are in the negative
voltage line connected to the inner plate.
With particular reference now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated an
alternative embodiment for derivint the unipolar d.c. voltage pulse of a
repetitive frequency--similar to that of FIG. 1. The distinction in the
embodiment of FIG. 5 is that the input voltage is a direct current in
contrast to the alternating current of FIG. 1.
In operation of the circuit of FIG. 5, a low voltage, such as from a
battery, is applied to the primary winding to the circuit of a rotating
field. The primary winding 42 being the rotating field has it opposite end
connected to ground. As the field of the primary winding 42 rotates, there
is induced three pulses at the output of each of the three secondary
windings 46a 46b, and 46c.
The repetition of the triple pulse is once per each revolution; hence the
number of pulses per given period of time is related to the speed of
rotation of the rotating field. A faster rotation will produce a greater
voltage frequency. An increase in the number of secondary windings will
result in an appropriate increase in the number of pulses; whereas an
increase in the number of turns on the secondary windings will increase
the amplitude of the pulses. The alternating voltage output of the three
secondary windings is converted into pulses by the conventional diode
rectifiers 65/67 bridge circuit for each of the separate pairs of exciter
plates 50a-50n. In this way a constant unipolar pulsating d.c. voltage of
a repetitive frequency similar to that of FIG. 3 is applied to each of the
exciter plates 50a xxx 50n. The output is similar to that derived from the
alternating voltage input of FIG. 1. The d.c. voltage is a constant
voltage pulse.
Again similar to FIG. 1, there is provided a timed pulsing circuit
comprised of a timer 17, switch 19, and transistor 18. Initially, the d.c.
pulse voltage is switched on and off, to provide a constant share time
duty cycle to the primary winding 42 of the rotating field. In the off
period there will be no voltage on the primary winding 42, and hence, no
voltage output on the secondary winding 46.
The circuit of FIG. 5 is especially economical in that extremely low
amplitude voltages (0-5 volts) is applied to the primary 42. At this low
level, the current is negligible and power consumption is minimum. The
output voltages from the secondary windings 46 is relatively high and is
in the order of two hundred volts. The output voltages from the secondary
windings 46 are variable in amplitude by the resistor 16 in the input
circuit. A very small increment of input voltage results in a much greater
output.
The sequence of circuitry of the pulsed d.c. voltage, duty cycle pulses,
serially connected exciters, resistor in the ground line, and the plate
resistor are each, and together, effective to eliminate electron leakage.
The conditions set forth, in each instance were under actual
conditions--with distilled water.
In the basic process of water separation as herein utilized, the hydrogen
and oxygen gasses are separated by the application of a voltage to the
plate exciters with the attendant current as close to zero as possible.
Accordingly, the use of natural water having contaminents is equally
operable; the contaminents will have no affect upon the separation of the
hydrogen and oxygen atoms from the water molecule; nor will the
contaminents have an affect on the plate exciters such as fouling up.
With the use of certain natural waters particularly sea water with a salt
content or natural water with an iron or other mineral content, the
natural water would have a tendancy to draw current. The passing of
current as set forth above, would cause the voltage to drop and basically
would curtail the operation of the generator.
The resistor 60 of FIGS. 1 and 5, connected between the exciter plate
having the negative voltage applied thereto and ground is an effective
current limiter/electron inhibiter. In simple terms the restriction to
current flow to the negative plate is a restriction to the flow of current
between the pair of plate exciters. There can be no electron leakage from
the negative potential plate exciter if there are no electrons to leak.
The resistor 60 of FIGS. 1 and 5, and especially when taken together with
the resistive plate structure of FIG. 7, current is eliminated from the
plate exciters.
In FIG. 1 there is illustrated an alternative manner of varying the rate of
separation of the hydrogen and oxygen gasses from water. As fully
disclosed and described in the aforesaid copending application Ser. No.
302,807, the spacing between the plate exciters in water is directly
related to the rate of separation of the hydrogen and oxygen gasses.
The plate exciters 82 and 83 positioned in water 61 are varied in spacing
by the rack 80 and gear 81. The variations can be manually or through the
programmer 69 for predetermined gas rate generation. The programmer
actuates line 37 to the motor 33 to drive the gear 81.
The closer the spacing the greater the gas yield, i.e., the attractive
force of the electrical voltage zones is related to spacing. However as
noted above, the closer the spacing the greater the probability of
spurious electron leakage. It is appreciated the optimum is the closest
spacing for gas generation with a minimum of current leakage.
The pulsed d.c. voltage, the duty cycle pulses, the resistor from negative
to ground, the serial connections of the exciters, and the plate resistor
in series with a variable resistor between the negative plate and ground,
is a sequence of circuits that conteract the electron leakage with
increased voltage. Similarly, the same sequence individually and in
combination are equally applicable with respect to the variation of plate
spacing to vary the rate of generation of the gasses but yet, to restrict
electron leakage. The voltage levels from 0 volts upward will be dependant
on the physical parameters of the apparatus. In one typical structure of
the apparatus the voltage was varied from zero (0) volts to 45 volts. In a
smaller structure, the voltage levels of FIG. 8 were utilized.
With reference again to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, the waveforms
illustrated therein depict the several variations of the pulsed d.c.
voltage relative to the duty cycle pulses. Initially, each of the two set
of pulses are varied individually. The on/off time of the two sets of
pulses in a first instance is uniform. Then the timing of one or the other
is varied; the gradient levels of the voltages are varied periodically and
a periodically, pulse duration is varied equally and unequally.
To attain the optimum gas generation with minimum electron leakage, is
determined empirically with a gas flow meter and an ammeter. The variables
are interrelated but not necessarily having the effect on either gas
production or electron leakage. Practical training reduces the tune-up
period.
In FIG. 6, there is illustrated the resonate cavity of my aforesaid
co-pending patent application Ser. No. 422,594. The resonant cavity
described and disclosed therein, is a result of the discovery that when
the distance between two stationary bodies is equal in wavelength to the
frequency of the movement of an object going back and forth therebetween,
the movement of the object will go into resonance. The motion is greatly
enhanced and with a repetitive sustained force. The principle applied to
the hydrogen and oxygen gas generator of the present invention results in
the movement of the water molecules and the atoms to an attractive field
will be greatly enhanced when the frequency of the back and forth movement
is matched to the wavelength of the distance between the pair of plate
exciters.
The amplitude is increased to the minimum for resonance. The voltage
amplitude thereafter is maintained at the minimum and raised from the
minimum for an increase in gas generation. The minimum is the lower
gradient level illustrated in the waveforms of the figures. Since
resonance is a matter of matching a physical distance with frequency of
the back and forth motion over that distance, matching the particular
frequency to the particular wavelength, can be with either d.c. voltage
pulses or the duty cycle pulses.
The resonant cavity is depicted in FIG. 4 pictorially. It is understood
that the exciter plates 50a-50n of FIG. 1 become resonant cavities by
matching the distance between the exciters to a pulse frequency of the
same wavelength.
In FIG. 4 and 4C, the duty cycle pulses are matched in pulse repetition
rate to the plate distance. In FIG. 4A and 4B, the frequency of the pulsed
d.c. voltage is matched to the distance in wavelengths of the plate
exciters. With the frequency of one of the set of pulses matched to the
resonant wavelength, the frequency of the other set of pulses is varied to
further control the electron leakage and/or to vary the rate of generation
of the gasses.
Referring again to FIG. 6, attention is directed to the resonant cavity
depicted therein pictorially. The resonant cavity would be the plate
exciter of FIG. 1 or any other plate exciter wherein the frequency of the
pulses of the applied voltage is matched in wavelength to the distance
between the exciter plates
The SCR diode is a duty cycle pulse former much in the same manner as the
pulse former 27 of FIG. 1. The SCR diode 90 is operational in a
conventional manner and the diode 91 is a conventional blocking diode. The
operation and function of the resonant cavity is much in the same manner
as that of FIG. 1 plate exciters 50a-50n.
In a Hydrogen Resonant Cavity Furnace, the pulse repetition rate is matched
to the wavelength distance between the two exciter plates to maximize the
rate of generation to voltage amplitude. The flame is pulsed form a first
gradient level to a lower gradient level--but not off. The lower gradient
level is sufficient to maintain at all times the amplitude to sustain
resonance.
The waveform is shown in FIG. 4. The lower level amplitude Va is not OV the
zero level; the amplitude level Va is sufficient to maintain resonance
with a matched repetition rate of the duty cycle pulses.
In FIG. 6, the programmable switch circuit 79 is for variable inputs to a
utilitarian device, such as the aforesaid furnace or the automobile
hydrogen engine disclosed and claimed in my co-pending patent application
Ser. No. 478,207. In the practical working embodiments the demand may be
for hot water, heat, singly or together; and in the automobile the rate of
acceleration; or simply the control of the flame size.
The increments of heat, acceleration, or flame size are controlled by the
triacs 91, 92, 93, and 94, connected across the secondary winding and to
taps on the secondary winding of the input transformer.
Synchronized with the voltage level control of the switching of the duty
cycle pulse, is variable pulse circuit 97. The switch 95 provides the
demand control to be programmed, that is, the voltage amplitude and the
duty cycle pulses. The SCR switching circuit 90 converts the d.c. voltage
pulse output of the rectifier 15 to duty pulses. The duty cycle pulse
being variable in pulse repetition rate to match the distance in
wavelength of the spacing of the plate exciters 86 and 87. Diode 98 is a
blocking diode.
Although certain and specific embodiments have been shown the invention is
not to be limited thereto. Significantly, the relatively small increase in
voltage for a very appreciable gas generation upon resonance has extended
applications to other uses of the hydrogen and oxygen gas generator. The
control of the electron leakage is especially applicable to systems and
processes wherein the potential is voltage dependant with no or little
current.
* * * * *