United States Patent |
4,826,581
|
Meyer
|
May 2, 1989
|
Controlled process for the production of thermal energy from gases and
apparatus useful therefore
Abstract
A method of and apparatus for obtaining the release of energy from a gas
mixture including hydrogen and oxygen in which charged ions are stimulated
to an activated state, and then passed through a resonant cavity, where
successively increasing energy levels are achieved, and finally passed to
an outlet orifice to produce thermal explosive energy.
Inventors:
|
Meyer; Stanley A. (3792 Broadway, Grove City, OH 43123)
|
Appl. No.:
|
081859 |
Filed:
|
August 5, 1987 |
Current U.S. Class: |
204/157.41; 204/164 |
Intern'l Class: |
C07G 013/00 |
Field of Search: |
204/164,157.41,157.44
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
4233109 | Nov., 1980 | Nishizawa | 204/164.
|
4406765 | Sep., 1983 | Higashi et al. | 204/164.
|
4687753 | Aug., 1987 | Fiato et al. | 204/157.
|
4695357 | Sep., 1987 | Boussert | 204/157.
|
Primary Examiner: Kalafut; Stephen J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application Ser. No.
835,564, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of obtaining the release of energy from a gas mixture including
hydrogen and oxygen consisting of:
(A) providing a first gas mixture including at least a portion of hydrogen
and oxygen gases;
(B) subjecting the gas mixture to a pulsating, polar electric field whereby
electrons of the gas atoms are distended in their orbital fields by reason
of their subjection to electrical polar forces, at a frequency such that
the pulsating electric field induces a resonance with respect to an
electron of the gas atom;
(C) cascading said gas atoms with respect to the pulsating electric field
such that the energy level of the resonant electron is increased in
cascading incremental steps;
(D) ionizing said gas atoms;
(E) subjecting the ionized gas atoms to electromagnetic wave energy having
a predetermined frequency to induce a further election resonance in the
ion, whereby the energy level of the electron is successively increased;
(F) extracting further electrons from the resonating ions while such ions
are in an increased energy state to destabilize the nuclear and electron
configuration of said ions; and
(G) subjecting the destabilized ions to thermal ignition.
2. An apparatus for obtaining the release of energy from a gas mixture
including hydrogen and oxygen consisting of successively interconnected:
(A) first means for providing a first gas mixture including at least a
portion of hydrogen and oxygen gas;
(B) second means for providing a pulsating, polar electric field to the gas
mixture, whereby electrons of the gas atoms are distended in their orbital
fields by reason of their subjection to electrical polar forces, at a
frequency such that the pulsating electric field induces a resonance with
respect to an electron of the gas atom; and the energy level of the
resonant electron is increased in cascading, incremental steps;
(C) third means for providing a further electric field to ionize said gas
atoms;
(D) an electromagnetic wave energy source for subjecting the ionized gas
atoms to wave energy of a predetermined frequency to induce a further
election resonance in the ion, whereby the energy level of the electron is
further successively increased;
(E) an electron sink for extracting electrons from the resonating ions
while such ions are in an increased energy state to destabilize the
nuclear and electron configuration of said ions;
(F) fourth means for directing particle flow in a continuous manner through
the electric fields, wave energy source and electron sink to a final
orifice at which the destabilized ions are thermally ignited; and
(G) a final orifice at which the mixture initially provided by the first
means, after having passed through and been processed by the preceeding
means of the apparatus, is thermally ignited.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for obtaining the
release of energy from a gas mixture including hydrogen and oxygen in
which charged ions are stimulated to an actived state, and then passed
through a resonant cavity, where successively increasing energy levels are
achieved, and finally passed to an outlet orifice to produce thermal
explosive energy.
BACKGROUND OF THE PRIOR ART
Processes have been proposed for many years in which controlled energy
producing reactions of atomic particles are expected to occur under "cold"
conditions. [See. e.q.. Rafelski, J. and Jones, S.E., "Cold Nuclear
Fusion," Scientific American, July, 1987, page 84]. The process and
apparatus described herein are considered variations to and improvements
in processes by which energy is derived from excited atomic components in
a controllable manner.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to realize significant energy-yield from
water atoms. Molecules of water are broken down into hydrogen and oxygen
gases. Electrically charged gas ions of opposite electrical polarity are
activated By Express Mail No. 26224690 on August 5, 1987 by
electromagnetic wave energy and exposed to a high temperature thermal
zone. Significant amounts of thermal energy with explosive force beyond
the gas burning stage are released.
An explosive thermal energy under a controlled state is produced. The
process and apparatus provide a heat energy source useful for power
generation, aircraft, rocket engines, or space stations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a staged arrangement of apparatus useful in the process,
beginning with a water inlet and culminating in the production of thermal
explosive energy.
FIG. 2A shows a cross-section of a circular gas resonant cavity used in the
final stage assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2B shows an alternative final stage injection system useful in the
apparatus of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2C shows an optical thermal lens assembly for use either final stage
of FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B.
FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are illustrations depicting various theoretical
bases for atomic phenomena expected to occur during operation of the
invention herein.
FIG. 4 is an electrical schematic of the voltage source for the gas
resonant cavity.
FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively, show (A) an electron extractor grid used in
the injector assemblies of FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, and (B) the electronic
control circuit for the extractor grid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The hydrogen fracturing process, follows the sequence of steps shown in the
following Table I in which beginning with water molecules, the molecule is
subjected to successively increasing electrical, wave energy and thermal
forces. In the succession of forces, radomly oriented water molecules are
aligned with respect to molecular polar orientation and are themselves
polarized and "elongated" by the application of an electric potential to
the extent that covalent bonding of the water molecule is so weakened that
the atoms disassociate and the molecule breaks down into hydrogen and
oxygen elemental components. The released atomic gases are next ionized
and electrically charged in a vessel while being subjected to a further
energy source that promotes inter-particle impact in the gas at an
increased overall energy level. Finally, the atomic particles in the
excited gas, having achieved successively higher energy levels, are
subjected to a laser or electromagnetic wave energy source that produces
atomic destabilization and the final release of thermal explosive energy.
Engineering design parameters based on known theoretical principles of
atomic physics determine the incremental levels of electrical and wave
energy input required to produce resonance in each stage of the system.
Instead of a dampening effect, a resonant energization of the molecule,
atom or ion provides a compounding energy interaction resulting in the
final energy release.
TABLE I
______________________________________
PROCESS STEPS LEADING TO IGNITION
______________________________________
RELATIVE STATE OF WATER MOLECULE AND/OR
HYDROGEN/OXYGEN/OTHER ATOMS
RANDOM 1st Stage
ALIGNMENT Water to Gas
POLARIZATION 2nd Stage
MOLECULAR ELONGATION Gas Ionization
ATOM LIBERATION 3rd Stage
LIQUID TO GAS IONIZATION Priming
ELECTRICAL CHARGING EFFECT
Final Stage
PARTICLE IMPACT Ignition
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, LASER OR
PHOTON INJECTION
ELECTRON EXTRACTION
ATOMIC DESTABILIZATION
THERMAL IGNITION
______________________________________
After the first stage in which water is broken down into its atomic
components in a mixture of hydrogen, oxygen and formerly dissolved
entrapped gasses, the gas atoms become elongated during electron removal
as the atoms are ionized. Laser, or light wave energy of a predetermined
frequency is injected into a containment vessel in a gas ionization
process. The light energy absorbed by voltage stimulated gas nuclei causes
destabilization of gas ions still further. The absorbed laser energy
causes the gas nuclei to increase in energy state, which, in turn, causes
electron deflection to a higher orbital shell.
The electrically charged and laser primed combustible gas ions from a gas
resonant cavity may be directed into an optical thermal lens assembly for
triggering. Before entry into the optimal thermal lens, however, electrons
are stripped from the ions and the atom is destabilized. The destabilized
gas ions which are electrically and mass unbalanced atoms having highly
energized nuclei are pressurized during spark ignition. The unbalanced,
destablized atomic components thermally interact; the energized and
unstable hydrogen gas nuclei collide with highly energized and unstable
oxygen gas nuclei, causing and producing thermal explosive energy beyond
the gas burning stage. The ambient air gas components in the initial
mixture aid the thermal explosive process under a controlled state.
In the process, the point of optimum energy-yield is reached when the
electron deficient oxygen atoms (having less than a normal number of
electrons) lock onto and capture a hydrogen atom electron prior to or
during thermal combustion of the hydrogen/oxygen mixture. Atomic decay
results in the release of energy.
In a general outline of the method, a first gas mixture including at least
a portion of hydrogen and oxygen gases is provided. The gas mixture is
subjected to a pulsating, polar electric field whereby electrons of the
gas atoms are distended in their orbital fields by reason of their
subjection to electrical polar forces. The polar pulsating frequency
applied is such that the pulsating electric field induces a resonance with
respect to an election of the gas atom. A cascade effect results and the
energy level of specific resonating electron is increased in cascading,
incremental steps.
Next, the gas atoms are ionized and subjected to electro-magnetic wave
energy having a predetermined frequency to induce a further election
resonance in the ion, whereby the energy level of the election is
successively increased. Electrons are extracted from the resonating ions
while such ions are in an increased energy state to destabilize the
nuclear electron configuration of said ions; and the gas mixture of
destabilized ions is thermally ignited.
In the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, water is introduced at inlet 1 into a
first stage water fracturing module 2 in which water molecules are broken
down into hydrogen, oxygen and released entrapped gas components by an
electrical disassociation process and apparatus such as shown in my
co-pending application Ser. No. 835,564, filed March 3, 1986, which is
incorporated herein by reference. The released atomic gases and other gas
components formerly entrapped as dissolved gases in water may be
introduced to a successive stage 3 or other number of like resonant
cavities, which are arranged in either a series or parallel combined
array. The successive energization of the gas atoms provides a cascading
effect, successively increasing the voltage stimulation level of the
released gasses as they sequentially pass through cavities 2, 3, etc. In a
final stage, an injector system 4, of a configuration of the type shown in
FIGS. 2A or 2B, receives energized atomic and gas particles where the
particles are subjected to further energy input, electrical excitation and
thermal stimulation, whereby thermal explosive energy results 5, which may
be directed thru a lens assembly of the type shown in FIG. 2C to provide a
controlled thermal energy output.
Electromagnetic wave activated and electrically charged gas ions of
hydrogen and oxygen (of opposite polarity) are expelled from the cascaded
cells 2, 3, etc. The effect of cascading successively increases the
voltage stimulation level of the released gases, which then are directed
to the final injector assembly 4. In the injector assembly, gas ions are
stimulated to a yet higher energy level. The gases are continually exposed
to a pulsating laser or other electromagnetic wave energy source together
with a high intensity oscillating voltage field that occurs within the
cell between electrodes or conductive plates of opposite electrical
polarity. A preferred construction material for the plates is a stainless
steel T-304 which is non-chemically reactive with water, hydrogen, or
oxygen. An electrically conductive material which is inert in the fluid
environment is a desirable material of construction for the electrical
field producing plates, through which field the gas stream of activated
particles passes. Gas ions of opposite electrical charges reach and
maintain a critical energy level state. The gas ions are oppositely
electrically charged and subjected to oscillating voltage fields of
opposite polarity and are also subjected to a pulsating electromagnetic
wave energy source. Immediately after reaching critical energy, the
excited gas ions are exposed to a high temperature thermal zone in the
injection cell, 4, that causes the excited gas ions to undergo gas
combustion. The gas ignition triggers atomic decay and releases thermal
energy, 5, with explosive force.
Once triggered, the thermal explosive energy output is controllable by the
attenuation of operational parameters. With reference to FIG. 4A, for
example, once the frequency of resonance is identified, by varying applied
pulse voltage to the initial water fuel cell assemblies, 2, 3, the
ultimate explosive energy output is likewise varied. By varying the pulse
shape and/or amplitude or pulse train sequence of the electromagnetic wave
energy source, final output is varied. Attenuation of the voltage field
frequency in the form of OFF and ON pulses likewise affects output of the
staged apparatus. Each control mechanism can be used separately, grouped
in sections, or systematically arranged in a sequential manner.
The overall apparatus thus includes means for providing a first gas mixture
consisting of at least a portion of hydrogen and oxygen gas. The gases may
be obtained by disassociation of the water molecule. An electrical circuit
of the type shown in FIG. 4 provides a pulsating, polar electric field to
the gas mixture as illustrated in FIG. 3A, whereby electrons of the gas
atoms are distended in their orbital fields by reason of their subjection
to electrical polar forces, changing from the state conceptually
illustrated by FIG. 3B to that of FIG. 3C, at a frequency such that the
pulsating electric field induces a resonance with respect to electrons of
the gas atoms. The energy level of the resonant electrons is thereby
increased in cascading, incremental steps. A further electric field to
ionize said gas atoms is applied and an electromagnetic wave energy source
for subjecting the ionized gas atoms to wave energy of a predetermined
frequency to induce a further electron resonance in the ion, whereby the
energy level of the election is successively increased is an additional
element of the apparatus as shown in FIG. 3D.
An electron sink, which may be in the form of the grid element shown in
FIG. 5A, extracts further electrons from the resonating ions while such
ions are in an increased energy state and destabilizes the nuclear
electron configuration of the ions. The "extraction" of electrons by the
sink means is coordinated with the pulsating electrical field of the
resonant cavity produced by the circuit of FIG. 4, by means of an
interconnected synchronization circuit, such as shown in FIG. 5B. A
nozzle, 10 in FIG. 2B, or thermal lens assembly, FIG. 2C, provides the
directing means in which the destabilized ions are finally thermally
ignited.
As previously noted, to reach and trigger the ultimate atomic decay of the
fuel cell gases at the final stage, sequential steps are taken. First,
water molecules are split into component atomic elements (hydrogen and
oxygen gases) by a voltage stimulation process called the electrical
polarization process which also releases dissolved gases entrapped in the
water (See my co-pending application for letters patent, Ser. No. 835,
564, supra). In the injector assembly, a laser produced light wave or
other form of coherent electromagnetic wave energy capable of stimulating
a resonance within the atomic components is absorbed by the mixture of
gases (hydrogen/oxygen/ambient air gases) released by the polarization
process. At this point, as shown in FIG. 3B, the individual atoms are
subjected to an electric field to begin an ionization process.
The laser or electromagnetic wave energy is absorbed and causes gas atoms
to lose electrons and form positively charged gas ions. The energized
hydrogen atoms which, as ionized, are positively charged, now accept
electrons liberated from the heavier gases and attract other negatively
charged gas ions as conceptually illustrated in FIG. 3C. Positively and
negatively charged gas ions are re-exposed to further pulsating energy
sources to maintain random distribution of ionized atomic gas particles.
The gas ions within the wave energy chamber are subjected to an oscillating
high intensity voltage field in a chamber 11 in FIGS. 2A and 2B formed
within electrodes 12 and 13 in FIGS. 2A and 2B of opposite electrical
polarity to produce a resonant cavity. The gas ions reach a critical
energy state at a resonant state.
At this point, within the chamber, additional electrons are attracted to
said positive electrode; whereas, positively charged ions or atomic nuclei
are attracted to the negative electrode. The positive and negative
attraction forces are co-ordinate and operate on said gas ions
simultaneously; the attraction forces are non-reversible. The gas ions
experience atomic component deflection approaching the point of electron
separation. At this point electrons are extracted from the chamber by a
grid system such as shown in FIG. 5A. The extracted electrons are consumed
and prevented from re-entering the chamber by a circut such as shown in
FIG. 5B. The elongated gas ions are subjected to a thermal heat zone to
cause gas ignition, releasing thermal energy with explosive force. During
ionic gas combustion, highly energized and stimulated atoms and atom
nuclei collide and explode during thermal excitation. The hydrogen
fracturing process occurring sustains and maintains a thermal zone, at a
temperature in excess of normal hydrogen/oxygen combustion temperature, to
wit, in excess of 2500.degree. F. To cause and maintain atomic elongation
depicted in FIG. 3C before gas ignition, a voltage intensifier circuit
such as shown in FIG. 4 is utilized as a current restricting voltage
source to provide the excitation voltage applied to the resonant cavity.
At the same time the interconnected eletron extractor circuit, FIG. 5B,
prevents the reintroduction of electrons back into the system. Depending
on calculated design parameters, a predetermined voltage and frequency
range may be designed for any particular application or physical
configuration of the apparatus.
In the operation of the assembly, the pulse train source for the gas
resonant cavity shown at 2 and 3 in FIG. 1 may be derived from a circuit
such as shown in FIG. 4. It is necessary in the final electron extraction
that the frequency with which electrons are removed from the system by
sequenced and synchronized with the pulsing of the gas resonant cavity In
the circuit of FIG. 5B, the coordination or synchronization of the circuit
with the circuit of FIG. 4 may be achieved by interconnecting point "A" of
the gate circuit of FIG. 5B to coordinate point "A" of the pulsing circuit
of FIG. 4.
Together the hydrogen injector assembly 4 and the resonant cavity
assemblies 2, 3 form a gas injector fuel cell which is compact, light in
weight and design variable. For example, the hydrogen injector system is
suited for automobiles and jet engines. Industrial applications require
larger systems. For rocket engine applications, the hydrogen gas injector
system is positioned at the top of each resonant cavity arranged in a
parallel cluster array. If resonant cavities are sequentially combined in
a parallel/series array, the hydrogen injection assembly is positioned
after the exits of said resonant cavities are combined.
From the outline of physical phenomena associated with the process
described in Table 1, the theoretical basis of the invention considers the
respective states of molecules, gases and ions derived from liquid water.
Before voltage stimulation, water molecules are randomly dispersed
throughout water within a container. When a unipolar voltage pulse train
such as shown in FIG. 3A (53a xxx 53n) is applied, an increasing voltage
potential is induced in the molecules, gases and/or ions in a linear,
step-like charging effect. The electrical field of the particles within a
chamber including the electrical field plates increases from a low energy
state (A) to a high energy state (J) in a step manner following each
pulse-train as illustrated in FIG. 3A. The increasing voltage potential is
always positive in direct relationship to negative ground potential during
each pulse. The voltage polarity on the plates which create the voltage
fields remains constant. Positive and negative voltage "zones" are thus
formed simultaneously.
In the first stage of the process described in Table 1, because the water
molecule naturally exhibits opposite electrical fields in a relatively
polar configuration (the two hydrogen atoms are positively electrically
charged relative to the negative electrically charged oxgen atom), the
voltage pulse causes initially randomly oriented water molecules in the
liquid state to spin and orient themselves with reference to positive and
negative poles of the voltage fields applied. The positive electrically
charged hydrogen atoms of said water molecule are attracted to a negative
voltage field; while, at the same time, the negative electrically charged
oxygen atoms of the same water molecule an attracted to a positive voltage
field. Even a slight potential difference applied to the inert, conductive
plates of a containment chamber will initiate polar atomic orientation
within the water molecule based on polarity differences.
When the potential difference applied causes the orientated water molecules
to align themselves between the conductive plates, pulsing causes the
voltage field intensity to be increased in accordance with FIG. 3A. As
further molecular alignment occurs, molecular movement is hindered.
Because the positively charged hydrogen atoms of said aligned molecules
are attracted in a direction opposite to the negatively charged oxygen
atoms, a polar charge alignment or distribution occurs within the
molecules between said voltage zones, as shown in FIG. 3B. And as the
energy level of the atoms subjected to resonant pulsing increases, the
stationary water molecules become elongated as shown in FIG. 3C.
Electrically charged nuclei and electrons are attracted toward opposite
electrically charged voltage zones--disrupting the mass equilibium of the
water molecule.
In the first stage, as the water molecule is further exposed to a potential
difference, the electrical force of attraction of the atoms within the
molecule to the electrodes of the chamber also increases in intensity. As
a result, the covalent bonding between said atoms which forms the molecule
is weakened and ultimately terminated. The negatively charged electron is
attracted toward the positively charged hydrogen atoms, while at the same
time, the negatively charged oxygen atoms repel electrons.
Once the applied resonant energy caused by pulsation of the electrical
field in the cavities reaches a threshold level, the disassociated water
molecules, now in the form of liberated hydrogen, oxygen, and ambient air
gases begin to ionize and lose or gain electrons during the final stage in
the injector assembly. Atom destablization occurs and the electrical and
mass equilibrium of the atoms is disrupted. Again, the positive field
produced within the chamber or cavity that encompasses the gas stream
attracts negatively charged ions while the positively charged ions (and/or
hydrogen nuclei) are attracted to the negative field. Atom stabilization
does not occur because the pulsating voltage applied is repetitive without
polarity change. A potential of approximately several thousand volts
triggers the ionization state.
As the ionized particles accumulate within said chamber, the electrical
charging effect is again an incremental stepping effect that produces an
accumlative increased potential while, at the same time, resonance occurs.
The components of the atom begin to "vibrate" at a resonant frequency such
that an atomic instability is created. As shown in FIG. 3D, a high energy
level is achieved, which then collapses resulting in the release of
thermal explosive energy. Particle impact occurs when liberated ions in a
gas are subjected to further voltage. A longitudinal cross section of a
gas resonant cavity is shown in FIG. 2A. To promote gas ionization,
electromagnetic wave energy such as a laser or photon energy source of a
predetermined wave length and pulse-intensity is directed to and absorbed
by the ions forming said gas. In the device of FIG. 2A, semiconductor
optical lasers 20a-20p, 20xxx surround the gas flow path. In the device of
FIG. 2B, photon energy 20 is injected into a separate absorption chamber
21. The incremental stimulation of nuclei to a more highly energized state
by electromagnetic wave energy causes electron deflection to a higher
orbital state. The Pulse rate as well as intensity of the electromagnetic
wave source is varied to match the absorption rate of ionized particles to
produce the stepped incremental increase in energy. A single laser coupled
by means of fiber optic light guides is an alternative to the plurality of
lasers shown in FIG. 2B. Continued exposure of the gas ions to different
forms of wave energy during voltage stimulation maintains individual atoms
in a destabilized state and prevents atomic stabilization.
The highly energized gas ions are thermally ignited when said combustible
gas ions pass from injector 4 and enter into and pass through a nozzle, 10
in FIG. 2B, or an optical thermal lens assembly such as shown in FIG. 2C.
In FIG. 2C, the combustible gas ions are expelled through and beyond a
quenching circuit, 30, and reflected by lenses, 31 and 32, back and forth
through a thermal heat zone, 33, prior to atomic breakdown beyond exiting
through a final port, 34. A quenching circuit is a restricted orifice
through which the particle stream passes such that flashback does not
occur. (See my application Ser. No. 835, 564, supra.) The deflection
shield or lens, 31, superheats beyond 3,000.degree. F. and the combustible
gas ions passing through said exiting-ports are regulated to allow a gas
pressure to form inside said thermal zone. The energy yield is controlled
by varying the applied voltage, or Pulse-train since said thermal-lens
assembly is self-adjusting to the flow-rate of said ionized and primed
gases. The combustible ionic gas mixture is composed of hydrogen, oxygen,
and ambient air gases. The hydrogen gas provides the thermal explosive
force, the oxygen atoms aid the gas thermal ignition, and the ambient air
gases retard the gas thermal ignition process to a controllable state. As
the combustible gas mixture is exposed to a voltage pulse train, the
stepped increasing voltage potential causes said moving gas atoms to
become ionized (losing or gaining electrons) and changes the electrical
and mass equilibrium of said atoms. Gases that do not undergo the gas
ionization process may accept the liberated electrons (electron
entrapment) when exposed to light or photon stimulation. The electron
extractor grid circuit, FIGS. 5A and 5B, is applied to the assembly of
FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B, and restricts electron replacement. The extractor
grid, 56, is applied adjacent to electric field producing members, 44 and
45, within the resonant cavity. The gas ions incrementally reach a
critical-state which occurs after a high energy resonant state. At this
point the atoms no longer tolerate the missing electrons, the unbalanced
electrical field, and the energy stored in the nucleus. Immediate collapse
of the system occurs and energy is released as the atoms decay into
thermal explosive energy.
The repetitive application of a voltage pulse train (A through J of FIG.
3A) incrementally achieves the critical state of said gas ions. As the gas
atoms or ions (la xxx ln) shown in FIG. 3C become elongated during
electron removal, electromagnetic wave energy of a predetermined frequency
and intensity is injected. The wave energy absorbed by the stimulated gas
nuclei and electrons causes further destabilization of the ionic gas. The
absorbed energy from all sources causes the gas nuclei to increase in
energy state, and induces the ejection of electrons from the nuclei.
To further stimulate the electron entrapment process beyond the atomic
level (capturing the liberated electrons during the hydrogen fracturing
process) the electron extractor grid (as shown in FIG. 5A) is placed in
spaced relationship to the gas resonant cavity structure shown in FIG. 2A.
The electron extractor grid is attached to an electrical circuit (such as
shown in FIG. 5B) that allows electrons to flow to an electrical load, 55,
when a positive electrical potential is placed on the opposite side of
said electrical load. The electrical load may be a typical power consuming
device such as a light bulb or resistive heat producing device. As the
positive electrical potential is switched on or pulse-applied, the
negative charged electrons liberated in the gas resonant cavity are drawn
away and enter into resistive load where they are consumed and released as
heat or light energy. The consuming electrical circuit can be directly
connected to the gas resonant cavity positive electrical voltage zone. The
incoming positive wave form applied to resonant cavity voltage zone
through a blocking diode is synchronized with the pulse train applied to
the gas resonant cavity by the circuit of FIG. 4 via alternate gate
circuit. As one pulse train is gated "ON," the other pulse train is
switched "OFF." A blocking diode directs the electron flow to said
electrical load while resistive wire prevents voltage leakage during pulse
train "ON" time.
The electron extraction process is maintained during gas flow-rate change
by varying the trigger pulse rate in relationship to applied voltage. The
electron extraction process also prevents spark-ignition of the
combustible gases traveling through the gas resonant cavity because
electron build-up and potential sparking is prevented.
In an optical thermal lens assembly or thrust-nozzle, such as shown in FIG.
2C, destablized gas ions (electrically and mass unbalanced gas atoms
having highly energized nuclei) can be pressurized during spark-ignition.
During thermal interaction, the highly energized and unstable hydrogen gas
nuclei collide with the highly energized and unstable oxygen gas nuclei
and produce thermal explosive energy beyond the gas burning stage. Other
ambient air gases and ions not otherwise consumed limit the thermal
explosive process.
Variations of the process and apparatus may be evident to those skilled in
the art.
* * * * *