{"id":40273,"date":"2025-01-15T12:48:17","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idea.membrane.com\/songwriter\/?p=40273"},"modified":"2025-01-16T14:40:01","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T14:40:01","slug":"powder-avalanche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/2025\/01\/15\/powder-avalanche\/","title":{"rendered":"Powder Avalanche"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-0.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-0.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-0.mp4\"> Powder-Avalanche-0.mp4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp4\"> Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-I.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-I.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-I.mp4\"> Powder-Avalanche-I.mp4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp4\"> Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp4\"> Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp4<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/Powder-Avalanche-intro.mp3\"> Powder-Avalanche-intro.mp3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[Intro]<br \/>\nWoah (oh)<br \/>\nThe power<br \/>\nOf powder<br \/>\n(Don&#8217;t ya know)<br \/>\nWatch &#8216;er blow<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 1]<br \/>\n(Air blast)<br \/>\nMoving past<br \/>\n(Moving past fast)<br \/>\nNothing lasts<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nFlattening forests<br \/>\n(Flattening structures)<br \/>\nIn the way, laid to rest<br \/>\n(Frozen &#8217;til rapture)<\/p>\n<p>[Bridge]<br \/>\nWoah (oh)<br \/>\nThe power<br \/>\nOf powder<br \/>\n(Don&#8217;t ya know)<br \/>\nWatch &#8216;er blow<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 2]<br \/>\nA turbulent mix<br \/>\n(Snow and air betwixt)<br \/>\nBehave as a fluid<br \/>\n(Turning do to did)<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nFlattening forests<br \/>\n(Flattening structures)<br \/>\nIn the way, laid to rest<br \/>\n(Frozen &#8217;til rapture)<\/p>\n<p>[Bridge]<br \/>\nWoah (oh)<br \/>\nThe power<br \/>\nOf powder<br \/>\n(Don&#8217;t ya know)<br \/>\nWatch &#8216;er blow<\/p>\n<p>[Outro]<br \/>\nCaught in the flow&#8230;<br \/>\n(Gotta go) Go! Go! Go!<\/p>\n<p>A SCIENCE NOTE<\/p>\n<h3>Physics of an Avalanche<\/h3>\n<p>An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow, ice, and debris down a slope, driven by gravity and influenced by mechanics, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics. Here&#8217;s an explanation of the key physics involved:<br \/>\n<strong>1. Initiation: What Triggers an Avalanche<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Shear Stress vs. Shear Strength<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Shear Stress (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c4\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/strong>: The force per unit area parallel to the slope acting on the snow layer: <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c4=\u03c1\u22c5g\u22c5h\u22c5sin\u2061(\u03b8)\u03c4 = \u03c1 \\cdot g \\cdot h \\cdot \\sin(\u03b8)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c1<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">h<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mop\">sin<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<br \/>\nwhere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c1\u03c1<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = snow density,<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">gg<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = acceleration due to gravity,<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">hh<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">h<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = snow layer thickness,<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03b8\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03b8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = slope angle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shear Strength (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c4max\u03c4_{\\text{max}}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\">max<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/strong>: The resistance of the snowpack to sliding, determined by cohesion between snow grains and friction with the slope.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avalanches occur when <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03c4&gt;\u03c4max\u03c4 &gt; \u03c4_{\\text{max}}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c4<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\">max<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, meaning gravitational forces exceed resistance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Triggers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Natural: Additional snow, temperature changes, or vibrations (e.g., earthquakes).<\/li>\n<li>Human: Skiers, climbers, or explosions creating localized stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>2. Propagation: Snow Layer Collapse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fracture Mechanics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When shear stress exceeds shear strength, cracks form in the weak snow layer. These cracks spread quickly, causing the overlying snow to lose support and start sliding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Release Zone<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The initial area where snow breaks free is the &#8220;release zone.&#8221; Its size and shape determine the avalanche&#8217;s potential energy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>3. Movement: Avalanche Dynamics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avalanches can behave like solids, fluids, or a mix depending on type and stage of motion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Types of Avalanches<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Slab Avalanche<\/strong>: A cohesive snow layer slides as a block before breaking apart.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Loose Snow Avalanche<\/strong>: Starts at a point, gathering material as it descends.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Powder Avalanche<\/strong>: A turbulent mix of snow and air behaving like a fluid.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Forces in Motion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gravitational Force (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">FgF_g<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">g<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/strong>: Drives snow downhill:<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Fg=m\u22c5g\u22c5sin\u2061(\u03b8)F_g = m \\cdot g \\cdot \\sin(\u03b8)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">g<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mop\">sin<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<br \/>\nwhere <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">mm<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = snow mass.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frictional Force (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">FfF_f<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">f<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/strong>: Resists motion, depends on slope and snow type:<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Ff=\u03bc\u22c5m\u22c5g\u22c5cos\u2061(\u03b8)F_f = \u03bc \\cdot m \\cdot g \\cdot \\cos(\u03b8)<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">f<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bc<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mop\">cos<\/span><span class=\"mopen\">(<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03b8<\/span><span class=\"mclose\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<br \/>\nwhere <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u03bc\u03bc<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = friction coefficient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drag Force (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">FdF_d<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/strong>: Opposes motion and increases with velocity in powder avalanches:<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Fd=0.5\u22c5Cd\u22c5\u03c1\u22c5A\u22c5v2F_d = 0.5 \\cdot C_d \\cdot \u03c1 \\cdot A \\cdot v^2<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">0.5<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c1<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<br \/>\nwhere <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CdC_d<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = drag coefficient, <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">AA<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = cross-sectional area, <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">vv<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = velocity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>4. Energy Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Snow at rest has potential energy (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">PEPE<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">PE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>):<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">PE=m\u22c5g\u22c5hPE = m \\cdot g \\cdot h<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">PE<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">h<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>As it moves, this converts to kinetic energy (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">KEKE<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>):<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">KE=0.5\u22c5m\u22c5v2KE = 0.5 \\cdot m \\cdot v^2<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">K<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">E<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">0.5<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Thermal Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Friction and collisions generate heat, melting some snow and influencing flow behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>5. Deposition: Avalanche Runout<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Stopping Mechanisms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frictional Dissipation<\/strong>: Friction eventually overcomes gravitational force.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Terrain Flattening<\/strong>: Reduces slope angle and shear stress.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obstacle Interaction<\/strong>: Trees, rocks, or barriers disrupt flow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Runout Distance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Determined by initial energy, mass, and terrain. Larger avalanches with higher momentum travel farther.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>6. Avalanche Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact Force<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The impact force (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">FimpactF_{\\text{impact}}<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\">impact<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) on structures is massive:<br \/>\n<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">Fimpact=m\u22c5v\/\u0394tF_{\\text{impact}} = m \\cdot v \/ \u0394t<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\">impact<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">m<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u22c5<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord\">\/\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<br \/>\nwhere <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394t\u0394t<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> = time of impact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Air Blast<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Powder avalanches create air blasts capable of flattening forests and structures.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><br \/>\nAvalanches demonstrate the interplay of gravity, friction, and fluid dynamics. Their destructive power comes from rapid conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy and the dynamic behavior of snow as it transitions between solid and fluid states. Understanding these physics helps predict and mitigate avalanche risks.<\/p>\n<h3>From the album &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/idea.membrane.com\/songwriter\/tag\/snowball-effect\/\">Snowball Effect<\/a>&#8221; by <a href=\"http:\/\/membrane.com\/change\/\">\u0394 To Cause a Change<\/a><\/h3>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/membrane.com\/global_warming\/\">The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment<\/a><\/h2>\n<h2><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/IX\/\">MegaEpix Enormous<\/a><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Powder-Avalanche-0.mp3 Powder-Avalanche-0.mp4 Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp3 Powder-Avalanche-Best-of-Best-of.mp4 Powder-Avalanche-I.mp3 Powder-Avalanche-I.mp4 Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp3 Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged-Underground-XIII.mp4 Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp3 Powder-Avalanche-Unplugged.mp4 Powder-Avalanche-intro.mp3 [Intro] Woah (oh) The power Of powder (Don&#8217;t ya know) Watch &#8216;er blow [Verse 1] (Air blast) Moving past (Moving past fast) Nothing lasts [Chorus] Flattening forests (Flattening structures) In the way, laid to rest (Frozen &#8217;til rapture) [Bridge] Woah (oh) The power Of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,3945,9,14,3955],"tags":[546,563,4082],"class_list":["post-40273","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4d-music","category-change","category-daniel","category-lyrics","category-megaepix-enormous","tag-mp4","tag-music-videos","tag-snowball-effect"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40273"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40427,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40273\/revisions\/40427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}