{"id":49670,"date":"2025-12-25T14:01:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T14:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idea.membrane.com\/songwriter\/?p=49670"},"modified":"2025-12-25T14:01:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T14:01:37","slug":"northern-lights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/2025\/12\/25\/northern-lights\/","title":{"rendered":"Northern Lights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights.mp3\">Northern-Lights.mp3<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights.mp4\">Northern-Lights.mp4<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp3\">Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp3<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp4\">Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights-Animation-1.mp4\">Northern-Lights-Animation-1.mp4<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights-Animation-2.mp4\">Northern-Lights-Animation-2.mp4<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/kingarthur.com\/MegaEpix-Enormous\/multimedia\/XVIII\/Northern-Lights-intro.mp3\">Northern-Lights-intro.mp3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[Intro]<br \/>\nIt depends whether<br \/>\n(&#8230; there&#8217;s space weather)<br \/>\nBecause this is&#8230;<br \/>\n(Aurora Borealis)<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 1]<br \/>\nHey now mama<br \/>\n(Makin&#8217; plasma)<br \/>\nThe solar winds begin<br \/>\n(Blowin&#8217; n&#8217; blowin&#8217;)<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nIt depends whether<br \/>\n(&#8230; there&#8217;s space weather)<br \/>\nBecause this is&#8230;<br \/>\n(Aurora Borealis)<\/p>\n<p>[Bridge]<br \/>\nThe Northern Lights<br \/>\n(Reach new heights)<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 2]<br \/>\nAnd there&#8217;s flares<br \/>\n(Dropped jaw stares)<br \/>\nWill the colored lights<br \/>\n(Light up the nights)<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nIt depends whether<br \/>\n(&#8230; there&#8217;s space weather)<br \/>\nBecause this is&#8230;<br \/>\n(Aurora Borealis)<\/p>\n<p>[Outro]<br \/>\nAcceleration (and precipitation)<br \/>\nInto the ionosphere&#8217;s (sphere)<br \/>\nCoronal mass ejection<br \/>\n(Magnetic reconnection)<br \/>\nExcitation (Excitation)<br \/>\nExcitation<br \/>\nThe Northern Lights<br \/>\n(Reach new heights)<\/p>\n<p>ABOUT THE SONG AND THE SCIENCE<\/p>\n<div data-subtree=\"aimfl\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">The physics of the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) is a multi-stage process of &#8220;space weather&#8221; involving the transfer of energy from the Sun to Earth\u2019s atmosphere.<\/div>\n<div data-subtree=\"aimfl\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">1. The Solar Source<\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIBBAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">The process begins at the Sun, a massive nuclear fusion reactor. Extreme heat in the Sun\u2019s outer atmosphere (the corona) creates <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">plasma<\/strong>\u2014a gas of free electrons and protons.<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_o,ZJJJpc_p,ZJJJpc_q\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_o\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEIBRAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Solar Wind:<\/strong> These charged particles escape the Sun\u2019s gravity and stream through space at speeds between 400 and 800 km\/s (roughly 1 to 2 million mph).<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEIBRAB\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">CMEs and Flares:<\/strong> Large eruptions, such as <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)<\/strong>, send massive clouds of plasma toward Earth, often triggering the most intense auroral displays.<\/span><span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_11,ZJJJpc_12,ZJJJpc_13\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_11\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">2. Interaction with Earth&#8217;s Magnetosphere<\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIBxAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Earth is surrounded by a magnetic shield called the <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">magnetosphere<\/strong>. Most solar wind particles are deflected, but some enter the magnetosphere through a process called <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">magnetic reconnection<\/strong>.<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_1g,ZJJJpc_1h,ZJJJpc_1i\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_1g\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<ul class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEICBAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Energy Storage:<\/strong> Particles and energy become trapped in Earth&#8217;s magnetic tail (the magnetotail) on the nightside of the planet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEICBAB\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">The &#8220;Rubber Band&#8221; Effect:<\/strong> When magnetic field lines in the tail stretch too far, they &#8220;snap&#8221; and reconnect, launching charged particles back toward Earth\u2019s poles at high speeds.<\/span><span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_1t,ZJJJpc_1u,ZJJJpc_1v\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_1t\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">3. Acceleration and Precipitation<\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEICxAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">As particles travel toward Earth, they are further accelerated by electric fields and <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">Alfv\u00e9n waves<\/strong>\u2014cosmic undulations that act like ocean waves, allowing electrons to &#8220;surf&#8221; to even higher velocities, reaching up to 45 million mph. These particles are funneled along magnetic field lines toward the <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">auroral ovals<\/strong> around the North and South Poles.<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_35,ZJJJpc_36,ZJJJpc_37\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_35\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"Fsg96\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">4. Atmospheric Collisions and Light<\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIDRAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">The visible glow occurs in the <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">ionosphere<\/strong> (typically 60 to 400 miles high) when these high-energy particles slam into atmospheric gases.<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_3j,ZJJJpc_3k,ZJJJpc_3l\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_3j\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIDRAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<ul class=\"KsbFXc U6u95\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEIDhAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Excitation:<\/strong> When an electron hits a gas atom (oxygen or nitrogen), it transfers energy, &#8220;exciting&#8221; the atom\u2019s electrons to a higher energy level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-hveid=\"CAEIDhAB\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sae=\"\"><span class=\"T286Pc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Photon Release:<\/strong> As the atoms return to their stable ground state, they release the excess energy as <strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">photons<\/strong> (light).<\/span><span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_3w,ZJJJpc_3x,ZJJJpc_3y\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_3w\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">5. Why the Colors Vary<\/div>\n<div class=\"otQkpb\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIEBAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\">The specific color depends on the type of gas atom hit and the altitude of the collision.<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_49,ZJJJpc_4a,ZJJJpc_4b\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_49\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"Y3BBE\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-hveid=\"CAEIEBAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-processed=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Fsg96\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Fv6NCb\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_4f\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwirv9-ql9eRAxXHMlkFHaUpMy8Q-q4QegYIAQgREAA\" data-processed=\"true\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<table class=\"NRefec\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<tbody data-complete=\"true\">\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Color<span class=\"uJ19be notranslate\" data-wiz-uids=\"ZJJJpc_4i,ZJJJpc_4j,ZJJJpc_4k\" data-complete=\"true\"><span class=\"vKEkVd\" data-animation-atomic=\"\" data-wiz-attrbind=\"class=ZJJJpc_4i\/TKHnVd;\" data-sae=\"\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"NRefec\" data-animation-nesting=\"\" data-sae=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<tbody data-complete=\"true\">\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><\/th>\n<th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Gas Type<\/th>\n<th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Altitude Range<\/th>\n<th class=\"iry6k\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Frequency<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Green<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Oxygen<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">60\u2013150 miles<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Most common<\/strong>; eyes are most sensitive to this<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Red<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Oxygen<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Above 150 miles<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Rare; occurs during intense solar activity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Blue\/Purple<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Nitrogen<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Below 60 miles<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Occurs at the lower edges of auroral curtains<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cZCYO\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\"><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-complete=\"true\">Pink\/Yellow<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Mixed Gases<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Varies<\/td>\n<td class=\"cOeeGf\" colspan=\"undefined\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Result of overlapping red, green, or blue emissions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>From the album &#8220;<a href=\"\/songwriter\/tag\/arctic\/\">Arctic<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Northern-Lights.mp3 Northern-Lights.mp4 Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp3 Northern-Lights-Unplugged-Underground-XXIX.mp4 Northern-Lights-Animation-1.mp4 Northern-Lights-Animation-2.mp4 Northern-Lights-intro.mp3 [Intro] It depends whether (&#8230; there&#8217;s space weather) Because this is&#8230; (Aurora Borealis) [Verse 1] Hey now mama (Makin&#8217; plasma) The solar winds begin (Blowin&#8217; n&#8217; blowin&#8217;) [Chorus] It depends whether (&#8230; there&#8217;s space weather) Because this is&#8230; (Aurora Borealis) [Bridge] The Northern Lights (Reach new heights) [Verse [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9,14],"tags":[4194],"class_list":["post-49670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4d-music","category-daniel","category-lyrics","tag-arctic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49670"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49684,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49670\/revisions\/49684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}