{"id":50999,"date":"2026-02-15T13:29:38","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T13:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/idea.membrane.com\/songwriter\/?p=50999"},"modified":"2026-02-15T13:29:38","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T13:29:38","slug":"radiative-forcing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/2026\/02\/15\/radiative-forcing\/","title":{"rendered":"Radiative Forcing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[Silence]<\/p>\n<p>[Instrumental, Guitar, Piano, Organ, Synth, Bass, Percussion, Drums]<\/p>\n<p>[Intro]<br \/>\n[Instrumental Intro: Pulsing Bass, Organ Swell, Muted Guitar Chops, Rising Synth Filter]<br \/>\n[Minimal Beat, Sub Bass, Spoken Vocal]<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 1]<br \/>\nThe balance between<br \/>\n(In and out)<br \/>\nHeatin&#8217; the scene<br \/>\n(There&#8217;s no doubt)<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nRadiative forcing<br \/>\n(Humans coercing)<br \/>\nRadiative forcing<br \/>\n(Dunce&#8217;s endorsing)<\/p>\n<p>[Bridge]<br \/>\n[Instrumental, Synth Solo]<br \/>\nDelta F<br \/>\n(Man&#8217;s gone deaf)<br \/>\n[Instrumental Guitar Solo, Organ Stabs, Driving Bass, Snare March]<\/p>\n<p>[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo]<\/p>\n<p>[Verse 2]<br \/>\nOh, where to begin<br \/>\n(The balance within)<br \/>\nOur greenhouse<br \/>\n(Turning hothouse)<\/p>\n<p>[Chorus]<br \/>\nRadiative forcing<br \/>\n(Humans coercing)<br \/>\nRadiative forcing<br \/>\n(Dunce&#8217;s endorsing)<\/p>\n<p>[Bridge]<br \/>\n[Instrumental, Synth Solo]<br \/>\nDelta F<br \/>\n(Man&#8217;s gone deaf)<br \/>\n[Instrumental Guitar Solo, Organ Stabs, Driving Bass, Snare March]<\/p>\n<p>[Outro]<br \/>\nThe radiative force<br \/>\n(Oh, of course)<br \/>\nTurning up the heat<br \/>\n(Till we&#8217;re beat)<\/p>\n<p>ABOUT THE SONG<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1802\" data-end=\"1825\">Radiative Forcing<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1952\"><strong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1848\">Radiative forcing<\/strong>\u00a0(<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394F\\Delta F<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) quantifies how much a GHG changes the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">5.35<\/span><span class=\"mop\">ln<\/span><span class=\"minner\"><span class=\"mopen delimcenter\"><span class=\"delimsizing size3\">(<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mfrac\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mclose delimcenter\"><span class=\"delimsizing size3\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">[W\/m\u00b2 for CO\u2082]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"182\"><strong data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"180\">Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"414\">\n<li data-start=\"183\" data-end=\"255\">\n<p data-start=\"185\" data-end=\"255\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394F\\Delta F<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= radiative forcing (in watts per square meter, W\/m\u00b2)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"313\">\n<p data-start=\"258\" data-end=\"313\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CC<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= current atmospheric CO\u2082 concentration (ppm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"380\">\n<p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"380\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">C0C_0<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= reference (pre-industrial) CO\u2082 concentration (ppm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"381\" data-end=\"414\">\n<p data-start=\"383\" data-end=\"414\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">ln\u2061\\ln<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mop\">ln<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= natural logarithm<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2023\" data-end=\"2029\">Where:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2210\">\n<li data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2074\">\n<p data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2074\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">CC<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= current CO\u2082 concentration (ppm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2075\" data-end=\"2132\">\n<p data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2132\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">C0C_0<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= pre-industrial CO\u2082 concentration (~280 ppm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2210\">\n<p data-start=\"2135\" data-end=\"2210\">The constant 5.35 comes from line-by-line radiative transfer calculations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2212\" data-end=\"2368\">This formula captures the logarithmic relationship: each doubling of CO\u2082 produces roughly the same increase in radiative forcing (~3.7 W\/m\u00b2 per doubling).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2382\">Other gases:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2384\" data-end=\"2536\">\n<li data-start=\"2384\" data-end=\"2464\">\n<p data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2464\"><strong data-start=\"2386\" data-end=\"2403\">CH\u2084 (methane)<\/strong>: short-lived but ~25\u00d7 more potent than CO\u2082 over 100 years.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2465\" data-end=\"2536\">\n<p data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2536\"><strong data-start=\"2467\" data-end=\"2490\">N\u2082O (nitrous oxide)<\/strong>: ~298\u00d7 more potent than CO\u2082 over 100 years.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2538\" data-end=\"2606\">The\u00a0<strong data-start=\"2542\" data-end=\"2559\">total forcing<\/strong>\u00a0is the sum of all anthropogenic contributions:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"katex-display\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">total<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">CO\u2082<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">CH\u2084<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">\u0394<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">F<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">N\u2082O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"minner\">\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"167\"><strong data-start=\"149\" data-end=\"165\">Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"509\">\n<li data-start=\"169\" data-end=\"252\">\n<p data-start=\"171\" data-end=\"252\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394Ftotal = total radiative forcing from all greenhouse gases<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"314\">\n<p data-start=\"255\" data-end=\"314\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394FCO\u2082 = forcing due to carbon dioxide<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"369\">\n<p data-start=\"317\" data-end=\"369\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394FCH\u2084 = forcing due to methane<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"430\">\n<p data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"430\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">\u0394FN\u2082O = forcing due to nitrous oxide<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"509\">\n<p data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"509\">\u201c\u2026\u201d indicates contributions from other greenhouse gases (e.g., CFCs, HFCs)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>From the album &#8220;<a href=\"\/albums\/Macroscopic-Perspective\/\">Macroscopic Perspective<\/a>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Silence] [Instrumental, Guitar, Piano, Organ, Synth, Bass, Percussion, Drums] [Intro] [Instrumental Intro: Pulsing Bass, Organ Swell, Muted Guitar Chops, Rising Synth Filter] [Minimal Beat, Sub Bass, Spoken Vocal] [Verse 1] The balance between (In and out) Heatin&#8217; the scene (There&#8217;s no doubt) [Chorus] Radiative forcing (Humans coercing) Radiative forcing (Dunce&#8217;s endorsing) [Bridge] [Instrumental, Synth Solo] [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[163],"class_list":["post-50999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4d-music","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50999"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51001,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50999\/revisions\/51001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingarthur.com\/songwriter\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}