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bookmark_borderIs It You?

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[Intro]
Step right this way
One thin dime
One tenth of a dollar
You’ve the time
Your dismay
Step right this way

[Verse 1]
He walks
He talks
He crawls on his belly
In reptile style

[Bridge]
And now for something
Completely different
I offer:
A glimpse of your soul

[Chorus 1]
Take for one: your roll
Emit, admit your bit
The toll (toll of rock n’ roll)
Toll of your knock n’ know-all
(Knock n’ know-all fall)

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
He walks
He talks
He crawls on his belly
In reptile style

[Bridge]
And now for something
Completely different
I offer:
A glimpse of your heart

[Chorus 2]
Number 2, too: your part
Salute pollute, you do
Come true…
The toll (toll of rock n’ roll)
Toll of your knock n’ know-all
(Knock n’ know-all fall)

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass]

[Bridge]
And now for something
Completely different
I offer:
A glimpse of your mind
Is it kind?

[Instrumental, Harmonica Solo]

[Outro]
He walks
He talks
He crawls on his belly
In reptile style

A SCIENCE NOTE
Previous climate models have inadequately incorporated “social-ecological systems” as human involvement was not a significant factor in past climate changes. Regrettably, the United States ranks among the least prepared countries globally, with the highest percentage of climate deniers. The Republican party dismisses it as a manufactured crisis and plans to increase fossil fuel production, exacerbating the situation. Political extremists asserting that the climate crisis is manufactured employ an ironic term, considering that human manufacturing activities are the primary driver of climate change. Both political parties have concurred to allocate unlimited emergency funding for climate disasters instead of proactively preventing them. Last year, the US witnessed a record number of over a billion-dollar climate disasters, totaling 28 separate weather and climate-related events. It is due to this arrogance and ignorance that “worst-case scenarios” are now “best-case scenarios” for the acceleration of climate change. These factors have altered our climate model, shifting the projected maximum temperature rise from 4 degrees Celsius over the next millennium to a probable increase of 9 degrees Celsius this century.

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderHot Dog (Days of Summer)

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[Intro]
Yeeeha!
Hot dog!
Oh, ya!
Agog!

[Verse 1]
Hot dog lying in the sun
I guess the days of summer have begun
Looking for that cool breeze
In the the shade of the trees

[Bridge]
Yeeeha!
Hot dog!
Oh, ya!
Agog!

[Chorus]
Here come the dog days of summer
Oh, they are fast arriving
Have a guitar need a drummer
Let’s keep the music thriving

[Breakdown]
[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano, Guitar, Drums]

[Verse 2]
When you need a drink
The pool’s a sink
The scents won’t relent
Feed the rabbit habit

[Bridge]
Yeeeha!
Hot dog!
Oh, ya!
Agog!

[Chorus]
Here come the dog days of summer
Oh, they are fast arriving
Have a guitar need a drummer
Let’s keep the music thriving

[Breakdown]
[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Break]
Hot hound dog
Gone agog
Howling all the time
But, ya caught the rabbit
So, you’re sure a friend of mine

[Chorus]
Here come the dog days of summer
Oh, they are fast arriving
Have a guitar need a drummer
Let’s keep the music thriving

[Breakdown]
[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Outro]
Good ole hound dog
Howling all the time
Ya caught the rabbit,
Best friend of mine

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderAzimuth

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[Verse 1]
Did you know
240 at the low
300 at the high
Do you know why?

[Bridge]
Longer days
Longer stays
Of the light

[Chorus]
As the azimuth increases
So does my day
Until the nighttime ceases
my game-play

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Sixty degrees
The soul frees
Gaining insight
Into the light

[Bridge]
Longer days
Longer stays
Of the light

[Chorus]
As the azimuth increases
So does my day
Until the nighttime ceases
my game-play

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Chorus]
As the azimuth increases
So does my day
Until the nighttime ceases
my game-play

[Instrumental, Piano, Guitar]

[Outro]
Longer days
Longer stays
Of the light

A SCIENCE NOTE
At a latitude of 40 degrees, the position of the sunset varies significantly between the winter solstice and the summer solstice due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis and its orbit around the Sun. Here’s a detailed explanation:

Winter Solstice (around December 21)

  • Sunset Position: The sunset occurs at its most southern point on the horizon. In the northern hemisphere, this means the sun sets to the southwest.
  • Sunset Time: The days are shortest, so the sun sets early in the evening, typically around 4:30 PM to 5:00 PM.

Summer Solstice (around June 21)

  • Sunset Position: The sunset occurs at its most northern point on the horizon. In the northern hemisphere, this means the sun sets to the northwest.
  • Sunset Time: The days are longest, so the sun sets later in the evening, typically around 8:30 PM to 9:00 PM.

Difference in Sunset Position

The sunset’s azimuth (the angle measured from due north) changes considerably:

  • Winter Solstice: The sunset azimuth is approximately 240 degrees.
  • Summer Solstice: The sunset azimuth is approximately 300 degrees.

This results in a difference of about 60 degrees along the horizon between the two solstices. This large shift is due to the Earth’s axial tilt of about 23.5 degrees, causing significant seasonal variations in the sun’s path.

Visual Representation

A helpful way to visualize this is by imagining standing in the same spot on both solstices and noting where the sun sets. On the winter solstice, the sun sets much further south, and on the summer solstice, it sets much further north. This is a clear illustration of how the Earth’s tilt and orbit affect the apparent movement of the sun across the sky.

Additional Considerations

  • Day Length: At 40 degrees latitude, the difference in day length between the solstices is significant. Around the winter solstice, the day length is about 9 hours, whereas around the summer solstice, it can be around 15 hours.
  • Twilight Duration: The duration of twilight also varies, with longer twilight periods in summer due to the shallow angle at which the sun sets.

Sources

  1. National Geographic – Winter and Summer Solstices
  2. Time and Date – Sunset and Sunrise
  3. EarthSky – Solstice

Understanding these variations can be useful for activities like planning outdoor events, photography, and appreciating seasonal changes in daylight.

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderEarth, Water, Wind

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[Intro]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive

[Verse 1]
As I look around
Standing on solid ground
It’s time I found
All mediums of sound

[Chorus]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Jump up high
Toward the sky
Fly through the air
On my way there

[Chorus]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass]

[Verse 3]
Coming back down
Not landing on land
I’ve finally found
Liquid at hand

[Chorus]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive

[Instrumental, Synthesizer Solo, Drum Fills]

[Bridge]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive
Love alive
I’ve…

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Bridge]
Earth, water, wind
Begin

[Instrumental, Piano]

[Outro]
Earth, water, wind
All touching my skin
As I take the dive
To thrive
Love alive
I’ve…

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderBreakthrough

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[Intro]
I can see the light
Starting to breakthrough
A beautiful sight
Shines on the view

[Verse 1]
The clouds start to part
Bring on the rays today
It’s a new start
To finding a way

[Bridge]
I can see the light
Starting to breakthrough
A beautiful sight
Shines on the view

[Chorus]
From dull and gray
To a beautiful day
From the dark and gloom
Into the sunroom

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
The clouds giving way
Bring on a new day
It’s a fresh start
To open your heart

[Bridge]
I can see the light
Starting to breakthrough
A beautiful sight
Shines on the view

[Chorus]
From dull and gray
To a beautiful day
From the dark and gloom
Into the sunroom

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Bridge]
I can see the light
Starting to breakthrough
A beautiful sight
Shines on the view

[Chorus]
From dull and gray
To a beautiful day
From the dark and gloom
Into the sunroom

[Instrumental, Piano]

[Outro]
I can see the light
Starting to breakthrough
A beautiful sight
Shines on the view

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderOminous Signs

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[Intro]
Breakdown!
Look around
At the primate
Climate

[Verse 1]
Is the CO2
Choking your
If not yet
It will, you bet

[Chorus]
Ominous signs
Just look outside
Climate crimes
You cannot hide

[Bridge]
No place to run
We’ve come undone
Breakdown
Shakedown

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Brave
The heatwave
Drought
No doubt
Wildfire
Ever higher
Flood
With our blood

[Chorus]
Ominous signs
Just look outside
Climate crimes
You cannot hide

[Bridge]
No place to run
We’ve come undone
Breakdown
Shakedown

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass]

[Bridge]
No place to run
We’ve come undone
Breakdown
Shakedown

[Chorus]
Ominous signs
Just look outside
Climate crimes
You cannot hide

[Instrumental, Piano, Bass]

[Outro]
No place to run
We’ve come undone
Breakdown
Shakedown

A SCIENCE NOTE
NOAA reports: Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the atmosphere faster than ever — accelerating on a steep rise to levels far above any experienced during human existence, scientists from NOAA and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego announced today.

CO2 measurements sending ominous signs

Scientists at Scripps, the organization that initiated CO2 monitoring at Mauna Loa in 1958 and maintains an independent record, calculated a May monthly average of 426.7 ppm for 2024, an increase of 2.92 ppm over May 2023’s measurement of 423.78 ppm. For Scripps, the two-year jump tied a previous record set in 2020.

From January through April, NOAA and Scripps scientists said CO2 concentrations increased more rapidly than they have in the first four months of any other year. The surge has come even as one highly regarded international report has found that fossil fuel emissions, the main driver of climate change, have plateaued in recent years.

“Over the past year, we’ve experienced the hottest year on record, the hottest ocean temperatures on record and a seemingly endless string of heat waves, droughts, floods, wildfires and storms,” said NOAA Administrator Rick Spinrad, Ph.D. “Now we are finding that atmospheric CO2 levels are increasing faster than ever. We must recognize that these are clear signals of the damage carbon dioxide pollution is doing to the climate system, and take rapid action to cut fossil fuel use as quickly as we can.”

We report: Climate breakdown, the most alarming development, occurs when feedback loops are triggered, and tipping points are crossed. This leads to the extinction of plants, the disappearance of carbon sinks, and an exponential acceleration of Earth’s temperature. The consequences are dire, with the potential disappearance of vital resources like food, fresh water, and breathable air, likely followed by catastrophic impacts on human survival.

Our climate model uses chaos theory in an attempt to adequately account for humans and forecasts a global average temperature increase of 9 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Everybody has the responsibility not to pollute. There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderSolid State

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[Intro]
Solid state
It’s a gas
(gas, gas, gas,)

[Verse 1]
Currently,
Find myself in a solid state
Urgently,
Want to fluctuate

[Bridge]
Future temperature
Will I endure
Under pressure
So, I’m not sure

[Chorus]
Did liquid
Turned solid
Try to pass
Into gas
(It’s a gas, gas, gas)

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Packed tight
It’s alright
But, really
Could use some space to move freely

[Bridge]
Future temperature
Will I endure
Under pressure
So, I’m not sure

[Chorus]
Did liquid
Turned solid
Try to pass
Into gas
(It’s a gas, gas, gas)

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Chorus]
Did liquid
Turned solid
Try to pass
Into gas
(It’s a gas, gas, gas)

[Bridge]
Future temperature
Will I endure
Under pressure
So, I’m not sure

[Instrumental, Piano]

[Outro]
Solid state
It’s a gas
(gas, gas, gas)

A SCIENCE NOTE
The three classical states of matter are:

  1. Solid:
    • In a solid, particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement. This results in a definite shape and volume. The particles vibrate but do not move from their fixed positions.
    • Examples: Ice, wood, metal.
  2. Liquid:
    • In a liquid, particles are close together but not in a fixed arrangement. This allows liquids to have a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of their container.
    • Examples: Water, oil, alcohol.
  3. Gas:
    • In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely. This results in neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, allowing gases to expand to fill their container.
    • Examples: Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

These states of matter are determined by the arrangement and movement of the particles within the substance, which are influenced by temperature and pressure.

Climate change affects the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in various ways due to changes in temperature, pressure, and environmental conditions. Here’s how climate change impacts each state of matter:

Solid

  1. Melting of Ice and Snow:
    • Glaciers and Ice Sheets: Rising global temperatures cause glaciers and ice sheets in polar regions and mountainous areas to melt at an accelerated rate. This contributes to sea-level rise.
    • Permafrost Thawing: Permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, is thawing due to increasing temperatures. This releases stored greenhouse gases like methane, further exacerbating climate change.
  2. Changes in Land Mass Stability:
    • Erosion and Landslides: Melting permafrost and glaciers can lead to increased erosion and landslides, impacting ecosystems and human infrastructure.

Liquid

  1. Increased Ocean Temperatures:
    • Thermal Expansion: As the temperature of seawater rises, it expands, contributing to sea-level rise.
    • Marine Ecosystems: Warmer oceans affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and altering species distributions.
  2. Changes in Precipitation Patterns:
    • More Intense Rainfall: Warmer air holds more moisture, leading to more intense and frequent heavy rainfall events, increasing the risk of flooding.
    • Droughts: While some areas may experience more rainfall, others may face prolonged droughts due to altered precipitation patterns.
  3. Water Resources:
    • Freshwater Availability: Changes in precipitation and increased evaporation can impact the availability of freshwater resources for drinking, agriculture, and industry.

Gas

  1. Atmospheric Composition:
    • Greenhouse Gases: Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane) in the atmosphere, trapping more heat and driving global warming.
    • Air Quality: Climate change can worsen air quality by increasing ground-level ozone and particulate matter, which can have adverse health effects.
  2. Weather Patterns:
    • More Extreme Weather: Climate change can intensify weather patterns, leading to more severe storms, hurricanes, and heatwaves.
    • Jet Streams: Altered temperature gradients can change jet stream patterns, affecting weather systems and climate stability.

Overall Impacts

  • Feedback Loops: The interaction between different states of matter can create feedback loops that accelerate climate change. For example, melting ice reduces the Earth’s albedo (reflectivity), causing more solar radiation to be absorbed and further increasing temperatures.
  • Ecosystem Disruption: Changes in the states of matter can disrupt ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and the services ecosystems provide, such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation.

References

  1. National Geographic: The Arctic
  2. NASA: Global Climate Change
  3. IPCC: Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

These changes illustrate how interconnected the Earth’s systems are and highlight the importance of addressing climate change to maintain the balance of these states of matter and the overall health of our planet.

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderAmazes

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[Intro]
Wow! Amazing
Let’s sing

[Verse 1]
Music amazes
My mind blazes
To hear the sound
From all around

[Chorus]
Turn up the volume some
I’ll let you know when I’m done
Please, just a little more
Into the soul let it pour

[Bridge]
Oh, so good
Oh, so fine
As we should
Throughout time

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Music amazes
Through life’s hazes
To find the sound
And spread it around

[Chorus]
Turn up the volume some
I’ll let you know when I’m done
Please, just a little more
Into the soul let it pour

[Bridge]
Oh, so good
Oh, so fine
As we should
Throughout time

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Bridge]
Oh, so good
Oh, so fine
As we should
Throughout time

[Chorus]
Turn up the volume some
I’ll let you know when I’m done
Please, just a little more
Into the soul let it pour

[Instrumental, Piano]

[Outro]
Oh, so good
Oh, so fine
As we should
Throughout time

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderSpot On (The Leopard)

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[Intro]
You’re on
Spot on

[Verse 1]
The leopard changed his spots
He figured, “Oh, why not?”
You cannot begin
To pin
Reality on him

[Chorus]
Well, it turns out
He found out
Those spots won’t change
In the long-run
Can’t be undone
No, can’t rearrange

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
The leopard changed her spots
She figured, “Oh, why not?”
She would prefer
Not to pin
Reality on her

[Chorus]
Well, it turns out
She found out
Those spots won’t change
In the long-run
Can’t be undone
No, can’t rearrange

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Bridge]
A leopard spots never change
Position
Let’s hope humans remain
By changing disposition

{Change!)
Change the range
(change)
Of the thinking
(change)
Not so strange
(change)
To change
(change)
The sinking

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Chorus]
Well, it turns out
She found out
Those spots won’t change
In the long-run
Can’t be undone
No, can’t rearrange

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Piano]

[Outro]
A leopard spots never change
Position
Let’s hope humans remain
By changing disposition

The leopard

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderA Great State

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[Intro]
Is it too late
To wait?

[Verse 1]
My head is spinning (spinning)
Though I’m not turning round (round)
Brain cells are thinning (thinning)
What is going down (down, down)

[Chorus]
The rate
We accelerate
Debate
It the date
We set for too late

[Bridge]
Is it too late
To wait
Can we create
A great state

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills, Piano]

[Verse 2]
My head is turning (turning)
Utter disbelief (belief)
What are we learning (learning)
Is there no relief? (relief!)

[Chorus]
The rate
We accelerate
Debate
It the date
We set for too late

[Bridge]
Is it too late
To wait
Can we create
A great state

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass, Piano]

[Bridge]
Is it too late
To wait
Can we create
A great state

[Bridge]
Is it too late
To wait
Can we create
A great state

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills, Piano]

[Outro]
Solid state
It’s a gas
(gas, gas, gas,)

From the album “Solid State” by Daniel

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderHome: A Long Time

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[Intro]
I came to see
Recently
I’d rather be

[Verse 1]
Feels as though
It’s been such a long time
(Such a long time)
Feels
Oh, it feels
As though
You know….
It’s been such a long time
(Such a long time)

[Bridge]
Though it was only yesterday
(Yesterday)
Or, at least it looks that way?

[Chorus]
Home: always familiar
Yet so far away
Alone: your conciliar
In aware

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
You know, though
It feels as though
It’s been such a long time
(Such a long time) Long time (long, long time)
It feels
Oh, it feels (You know it feels, it feels!)
As though
You know…. You know, you know!
It’s been such a long time
(Such a long time) (long, long time)
Way, way, too long

[Bridge]
Though it was only yesterday
(Yesterday)
Or, at least it looks that way?

[Chorus]
Home: always familiar
Yet so far away
Alone: your conciliar
In aware

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Break]
I came to see
Recently
I’d rather be

[Chorus]
Home: always familiar
Yet so far away
Alone: your conciliar
In aware

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

From the album “Tempered Response” by The Beatless Sense Mongers

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderPounding on the Ceiling

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[Intro]
(Bang!)
Bang, bang!

[Verse 1]
Right now I’m dealing
With pounding on the ceiling
Blowing out the roof
Listen for proof

[Bridge]
Bang, bang
The hammer sang

[Chorus]
Raising the roof
Over the aloof
Bringing it down
All around

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Right now I’m dealing
With pounding on the ceiling
Ripping and pealing
Leaving me reeling

[Bridge]
Bang, bang
The hammer sang

[Chorus]
Raising the roof
Over the aloof
Bringing it down
All around

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass]

[Bridge]
Bang, bang
The hammer sang

[Chorus]
Raising the roof
Over the aloof
Bringing it down
All around

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Outro]
Bang, bang
The hammer sang

From the album “Tempered Response” by The Beatless Sense Mongers

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderThis Dance Will Be Ours

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[Verse]
Under the moon tonight
Stars are shining bright
Feeling alright

[Verse 2]
Dancing in the starlight
Heartbeat taking flight
Hold me tight

[Chorus]
Oh oh under the moon
Won’t be back too soon
Oh oh under the stars
This dance will be ours

[Verse 3]
Feet tapping to the song’s beat
A melody so sweet
As we think in sync

[Bridge]
Whispers in the night air
Breeze blows an affair
Without a care

[Chorus]
Oh oh under the moon
Won’t be back too soon
Oh oh under the stars
This dance will be ours

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderExplain Exclaim

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[Intro]
Blimey! (British)
Crikey! (Australian)
Jeepers!
Gadzooks!

[Verse 1]
That comes as quite a surprise
My eyebrows, on the rise
Getting ready to explain
As I exclaim:

[Bridge]
Blimey! (British)
Crikey! (Australian)
Jeepers!
Gadzooks!

[Chorus]
Wow! Whoa!
No way!
You’ve got to be kidding!
I’m flipping

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Wow, holy cow!
How could I not know now
Getting ready to explain
As I exclaim:

[Bridge]
Blimey! (British)
Crikey! (Australian)
Jeepers!
Gadzooks!

[Chorus]
Wow! Whoa!
No way!
You’ve got to be kidding!
I’m flipping

[Instrumental, Saxophone Solo, Bass]

[Outro]
Blimey! (British)
Crikey! (Australian)
Jeepers!
Gadzooks!

From the album “Tempered Response” by The Beatless Sense Mongers

MegaEpix Enormous

bookmark_borderHere It Comes!

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[Intro]
Don’t look now, but….
I can feel it in my gut

[Verse 1]
They said it might
Well, they were right
I see the light
Oh, yeah, quite right

[Chorus]
Here it comes
We’ll see who outruns
At this velocity
It seems unlikely

[Bridge]
Here it comes again
A little late to begin
At last, move fast

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Verse 2]
Listen to the forecast
If it’s not too late
Too late, calm didn’t last
This storms irate

[Chorus]
Here it comes
We’ll see who outruns
At this velocity
It seems unlikely

[Bridge]
Here it comes again
A little late to begin
At last, move fast

[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Drum Fills]

[Chorus]
Here it comes
We’ll see who outruns
At this velocity
It seems unlikely

[Instrumental, Piano]

[Outro]
Here it comes again
A little late to begin
At last, move fast

A SCIENCE NOTE

Imminent Risk: Violent Rain

In October of 2023 Sidd said, “Now I am thinking the violent rain will be a bigger problem before we die… still thinking it through. In the long run, ya, sea level rise will hit big. If you look at the history, it is episodic, and in the fast bits it can go up 3 feet every twenty years for five hundred years. But, the rain intensity is increasing faster today, and drainage cannot cope, whether in the city or out, culverts and such put in over the last hundred years cannot handle. So, I am paying a lot of attention to terrain and drainage far inland from the seacoast (like Ohio.) By drainage I don’t mean just human built. I mean that the natural streams and gullies and ravines have not evolved to a state that can handle the water volumes we see and the worse, larger volumes we will see. So expect huger erosion, steeper slopes to waterways, land collapses and such. Build out your drainage.”

The rain intensity is increasing faster today than ever known. Multiple factors figure into the physics of violent rain. The Momentum of Rain is p = mv (p = momentum, m = mass, v = velocity.) Part of the increasing momentum is transferred to the sides and upward increasing wind turbulence, as well as updrafts. Most of the momentum is transferred upon impact. You may notice the rain bouncing higher off the streets and sidewalks. As rain becomes more massive, it will have greater momentum when it hits the ground causing more damage. The momentum of rain and the turbulence of wind are part of a larger equation that includes not only the mass and velocity of precipitation but also the density. The combination of these variables results in an increased intensity of the flow dynamics. Increased updrafts will result in an increase in the frequency of hail. When violent rain becomes denser and turns into hail, it can be deadly. Ground without groundcover will be hit harder causing more damage. The groundcover will also be hit harder causing more damage. Concrete, asphalt, solar panels, roofs, and plants will sustain more damage. Hail may also impact your skull. Infants and young children are at highest risk. Several infants have been killed by hail in the past year.

Wind and water flow forces scale as the square of velocity, so as flow speeds increase (say due to more intense heating or heavier rain) the damage scales as the square of the velocity. Look at drag physics and you will see that force is proportional to density times square of velocity (v^2). So a twenty mile an hour wind exerts four times as much force as a ten mile an hour wind. And a forty mile an hour wind exerts sixteen times as much force as a ten mile an hour wind. A wind of fifty miles an hour exerts twenty five times and a wind of sixty miles an hour exerts thirty six times as much force as one of ten miles an hour. Then you have the density term. Water is about eight hundred times denser than air, So the force exerted by a ten mile an hour flow of water is eight hundred times that of a ten mile an hour wind. So as flow velocities go up due to climate change, force and damage scale as square of the velocities. What is not clear is how much these velocities increase with climate change. But in a sense we are seeing this already as, for example, flood and sewage systems succumb and hillsides fall down, and so on.

— from The Reign of Violent Rain / Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

From the album “Tempered Response” by The Beatless Sense Mongers

MegaEpix Enormous

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment