bookmark_borderThe Sound of Falling Dominoes

LYRICS
Put your ear to the girth of the Earth
Can you hear it coming?
Dominoes falling
Urgent calling

Hear the sound
Look around
Put your ear to the ground
Survival situations
Due to human complication
Here the sound
Is found

Can you see the vision
The impact and collision
Propagate mechanical waves
The primate saves!

Put your ear to the girth of the Earth
Can you hear it coming?
Dominoes falling
Urgent calling

Put your ear to the ground
Dominoes are falling down
As humans rearrange
Bringing on the climate change
Dominoes are falling down
One knows Mother Nature frowns
Dominoes are falling down
The temperature is going up
Dominoes are falling down
Hope we have a backup?

Chords: E/7 A G E / D D# E / E C E / D C E / D C D C / C B7 E / C D E / E C E / C D E / E G E; Part II @ 144 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar (AW54CE), Ibanez Electric RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
This song is about the both literal toppling dominoes and figuratively falling dominoes, as well as the sound earth shaking observations. “Putting one’s ear to the ground is a phrase often used to describe someone who is listening carefully, attentively, or trying to gather information (demonstrating principles related to the propagation of mechanical waves.) The origin of this expression is rooted in Native American tracking skills and has been associated with the ability to detect subtle vibrations or sounds in the ground. It is often used in tracking or survival situations.

LITERAL FALLING DOMINOES
The physics of falling dominoes involves principles related to mechanics, specifically dynamics and energy conservation. When a row of dominoes is set up and the first one is pushed, a chain reaction of falling dominoes is initiated. Here are some key physics concepts at play:

  1. Potential and Kinetic Energy:
    • Potential Energy: Each standing domino possesses potential energy due to its elevated position. The higher a domino, the more potential energy it has.
    • Kinetic Energy: As the first domino falls, it converts its potential energy into kinetic energy—the energy of motion.
  2. Conservation of Energy:
    • The total energy in the system is conserved. As each domino falls, it transfers its potential energy to the next one in the chain, maintaining the overall energy of the system.
  3. Momentum:
    • As dominoes fall, they transfer momentum to the next domino in line. Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity. The conservation of momentum ensures that the dominoes keep falling in sequence.
  4. Angular Momentum:
    • When a domino starts to fall, it may also rotate slightly due to the asymmetry of its shape. This introduces angular momentum into the system.
  5. Friction:
    • Friction between the dominoes and the surface on which they are placed plays a role in controlling the rate at which they fall. If the surface is too slippery, the dominoes may slide instead of topple.
  6. Collision Physics:
    • The collision between falling and standing dominoes involves principles of collision physics, including the conservation of linear and angular momentum.
  7. Elasticity:
    • The dominoes themselves have a certain elasticity. When one domino collides with another, it compresses slightly and then rebounds, transferring energy to the next domino.
  8. Inertia:
    • The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion (including changes in speed or direction) is described by inertia. Each domino’s inertia is overcome as it falls, initiating the chain reaction.
  9. Sound:
    • The falling dominoes generate sound waves due to the impact and collision between them, demonstrating principles related to the propagation of mechanical waves.

The physics of falling dominoes is a dynamic interplay of various mechanical principles. Setting up and toppling dominoes is not only entertaining but also provides a hands-on way to observe and understand fundamental concepts in physics.

FIGURATIVE FALLING DOMINOES

Tipping points are Critical Milestones that directly impact the rate of acceleration in climate change by multiplying the number and intensity of feedback loops.

Tipping Points

Identifying and understanding these tipping points is crucial for climate science and policymaking. Crossing multiple tipping points could lead to a domino effect, resulting in a much more rapid and severe climate change than currently projected.

 

Push a glass toward the edge of a table and eventually it will fall off on its own. No matter how slowly or meticulously you push… no matter how you weight or fill the glass, it will reach a tipping point and fall off before being pushed completely off the table. No matter whether you believe the glass is half-empty or half-full, when the tipping point is reached it will plummet out-of-control to its end. This is science not fate, faith, nor belief. Human induced climate change has resulted in environmental tipping points being breached.

Tipping points, when crossed, trigger self-sustaining feedback loops that are no longer dependent on human activity. Similar to when a domino topples over hitting two more dominoes that in turn fall hitting more dominoes. Thus, the name The Domino Effect. It can also be visualized as The Snowball Effect. A tipping point is like a snowball rolling down a hill growing in mass and velocity (momentum). When a tipping point is crossed, it results in cumulative and reinforced global warming.

Tipping cascades have emerged between biogeophysical and social-ecological systems. This Domino Effect is causing climate change to accelerate at an exponential rate.

The carbon sequestration from dissolved organic carbon is only one of the many carbon sinks in the Amazon. It is likely Amazon droughts will become more frequent and intense resulting in decarbonization at an exponential rate. The collapse of the AMOC will hasten the collapse of the Amazon. The collapse of the Amazon will hasten the collapse of the AMOC.

Feedback loops and tipping points are parts of an equation that determine the rate of acceleration in climate change. Triggering these tipping points results in the CO2 stored in nature to be released without the assistance of humans. Though we do not know how much carbon is stored in nature, it would be reasonable to assume that the temperature could be pushed from 3 degrees to 6 degrees above pre-industrial levels. Humans cannot thrive above a rise of 1.5 degrees. Much of the Earth will be uninhabitable if the temperature rises an additional 6 degrees Celsius. If humans also add 3 degrees Celsius, the temperature and humidity will approach a wet-bulb temperature that will not sustain human life.

For the first time in human history, global warming is going to continue no matter what humans do. Even if humans stopped their greenhouse gas emissions today, humans have invoked nature’s greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the sooner humans stop their emissions, the better. In addition, humans must adapt their habitat to remove, reduce, and hinder nature’s greenhouse gas emissions.

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

— from Toppled Tipping Points: The Domino Effect Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

This music was written and recorded extemporaneously. Extemporaneous, spontaneous, improvisation, jamming, freestyle, and impromptu music are most closely related to pure chaos. The music and lyrics evolve from the “sensitive initial conditions” similar to “a butterfly flapping its wings in China causing a hurricane in the Atlantic.”

Deep Dive Into Science

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderResonate Our Substrate (Hear It Spawn)

LYRICS
Will you come along
Spirit lives on
Come and join in song
Spirit moves on
Hear it spawn
Melodies and harmonies
Resonate our substrate
Tragedies and comedies
Infiltrate3 our face-plate
[A7 A Am bridge]

Will you sing along
Emotion
Come and dance upon
Emotion
Feel it spawn
Melodies and harmonies
Resonate our substrate
Tragedies and comedies
Infiltrate3 our face-plate

Now we’ve joined our souls
Spirit lives on
Lives in rock n’ roll
Spirit moves on
Hear it spawn

Chords: C E Am Em7(11) Am / C E Am / C D Am / C A7 C E A7; Part II @ 149 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar (AW54CE), Ibanez Electric RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
When music evokes emotions that spread through an audience, it’s often described as the result of emotional contagion. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon:

  1. Shared Experience: Listeners are collectively sharing a musical experience. The sense of unity and shared enjoyment can amplify emotional responses.
  2. Music as a Universal Language: Music has the power to communicate emotions universally. Certain melodies, harmonies, or rhythms can evoke specific feelings that resonate with people across different cultures and backgrounds.
  3. Social Influence: The behavior and reactions of those around us can influence our own emotions. If the performer and/or people around you are visibly moved or excited by the music, it can enhance your own emotional experience.
  4. Physiological Responses: Music has the ability to stimulate physiological responses in individuals, such as changes in heart rate, breathing, and even brain activity. When these responses align across a group of people, it can create a collective emotional atmosphere.
  5. Artist-Audience Connection: The interaction between the performer and the listeners plays a crucial role. A passionate and engaging performance by the musicians can create a stronger emotional connection with the listener.

Deep Dive Into Science

bookmark_borderHead First in the Shallow End

LYRICS
That damn fool burning fossil fuel
Shallow end of the gene pool
Flunked out of school
Oh, what a tool
Diving headfirst in…
The shallow end
Will he bend
Will he break
How much more can we take?

That damn fool burning fossil fuel
Shallow end of the gene pool
Look at you as you spew, too
Shallow end of the gene pool
Flunked out of school
Oh, what a tool
Diving headfirst in…
The shallow end
Will he bend
Will he break
How much more can we take?

That damn fool burning fossil fuel
Shallow end of the gene pool
Look at you as you spew, too
Shallow end of the gene pool
Now, I see there’s blame on me
Shallow end of the gene pool
Flunked out of school
Oh, what a tool
Diving headfirst in…
The shallow end
Will he bend
Will he break
How much more can we take?

Chords: E/7 E G A / A G E / G A / A G E / E A C B7 E; Part III @ 159 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar (AW54CE), Ibanez Electric RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
These lyrics convey a strong message about the impact of human actions, particularly related to climate change. The use of phrases like “damn fool burning fossil fuel” suggests criticism towards those who contribute to environmental degradation by relying on non-renewable energy sources. The reference to the “shallow end of the gene pool” implies a lack of foresight or wisdom in the decision-making process regarding environmental choices.

The repetition of “shallow end of the gene pool” emphasizes the perceived short-sightedness and lack of consideration for the broader consequences of one’s actions. The lines “Now, I see there’s blame on me” may indicate a realization or acknowledgment of personal responsibility, possibly implying that the speaker recognizes their own contribution to the problem.

The mention of failing out of school and being a “tool” suggests a critique of ignorance or lack of education on environmental issues. The imagery of “diving headfirst in the shallow end” reflects impulsive and uninformed decision-making. The questions “Will he bend, will he break, how much more can we take?” pose a sense of urgency and concern about the resilience of the environment and humanity’s ability to withstand the consequences of irresponsible behavior.

Overall, these lyrics serve as a commentary on the need for increased awareness, education, and responsible decision-making in the face of climate change. The tone appears critical and urgent, urging listeners to reflect on their choices and consider the broader impact on the environment and future generations.

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderThe Levity of Gravity (Holding Me Down)

LYRICS
The levity of gravity
Is weighing on me
Holding me down
Specifically, Miss gravity
Is attracted to me
Holding me down
At what cost to be free?
A force to be reckoned with
But, without…?
Hurled out of this world
Smeared into the atmosphere
I fear
Utter widespread… destruction
Introduction
To the space race

The levity of gravity
Is weighing on me
Holding me down
Specifically, Miss gravity
Is attracted to me
Holding me down
At what cost to be free?
Oh, the gravity of gravity
I’m attracted to you, too
Impacted with you
In all we do
Hold true

Chords: FM7 C / C E Am / Am FM7 / D Am E Am / C D Am; Part II @ 81 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar (AW54CE), Ibanez Electric RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
How is gravity holding me down?

Gravity is a fundamental force in nature that attracts objects with mass toward each other. It’s responsible for holding you and everything else on Earth down. The force of gravity is determined by the masses of the objects involved and the distance between them. In the case of Earth and you, the Earth’s mass is much larger than yours, so you are attracted towards the center of the Earth.

Sir Isaac Newton described gravity in his law of universal gravitation, which states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

F=Gâ‹…m1â‹…m2r2

where:

  • F is the gravitational force between the two objects,
  • G is the gravitational constant,
  • m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects,
  • r is the distance between the centers of the two masses.

In the case of Earth and an object near its surface, like yourself, the formula simplifies to:

F=Gâ‹…Mâ‹…mr2

where:

  • M is the mass of the Earth,
  • m is your mass,
  • r is the distance from the center of the Earth to your center.

This force pulls you towards the center of the Earth, creating the sensation of weight and keeping you “down” on the surface.

PART II
What would happen to me if gravity wasn’t holding me down?

If gravity were not holding you down, you would experience a state of free fall. In the absence of gravity, you would float or drift in the direction determined by any other forces acting on you.

If you were in outer space, far away from any massive objects like planets or stars, and there were no other forces acting on you, you would continue in your current state of motion (according to Newton’s first law of motion) unless acted upon by an external force. Essentially, you would be weightless and experience a sensation of floating.

However, if you were on Earth and gravity suddenly disappeared, the immediate consequences would be catastrophic. The atmosphere and everything not physically anchored to the Earth would also be affected. Objects, including people, would be thrown into the atmosphere at high speeds, leading to widespread destruction. The lack of gravity would have severe and likely lethal consequences for life on Earth.

Deep Dive Into Science

bookmark_borderSpilling Love

LYRICS
Not in search of the long way
Nor trying to find the hard way
Guess I’m trying to say
I’m O.K.
Traveling on the high road
Feel ready to explode
Spilling love
From above

Finding more than one way
Keeping from going astray
Guess I’m trying to say
I’m O.K.
Traveling on the high road
Feel ready to explode
Spilling love
From above

Not in search of the last day
Nor trying to die the hard way
Guess I’m trying to say
I’m O.K.
Traveling on the high road
Feel ready to explode
Spilling love
From above

Chords: A/7 G D / D A / C E A / C D A; Part II @ 103 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Ibanez RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

bookmark_borderLeaking Gas

LYRICS
We’re leaking gas
(Leaking gas in mass)
This can not last
(Better do something… do something fast)
It will not pass
It’ll linger and trigger our class
Breakdown of order
Social decay
Crossing the border
Enter dismay
Soothsayers and prayers save the day
No way?

Fouling the air
(Just look up there)
Fueling despair
(Just poke… rile the bear)
It will not pass
It’ll linger and trigger our class
Breakdown of order
Social decay
Crossing the border
Enter dismay
Soothsayers and prayers save the day
No way?

Spewing out fumes
(Does an ass assume)
Begging for doom
(Our future looms)
It will not pass
It’ll linger and trigger our class
Breakdown of order
Social decay
Crossing the border
Enter dismay
Soothsayers and prayers save the day
No way?

riffs: e f f# g / g f# f e
Chords: G / G E / C D G / E / E G / C D G; Part II @ 137 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Ibanez RG-Series (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
How are humans leaking greenhouse gases and how long do the gases stay in the atmosphere?

Humans contribute to the release of greenhouse gases through various activities, primarily related to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes, and certain agricultural practices. Here are some major sources:

  1. Burning of Fossil Fuels: The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production, is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. This includes power plants, transportation (cars, trucks, planes), and industrial facilities.
  2. Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis, acting as a natural carbon sink. Deforestation, the clearing of forests for agriculture or other purposes, reduces the number of trees available to absorb CO2, leading to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
  3. Industrial Processes: Certain industrial activities release greenhouse gases. For example, the production of cement generates carbon dioxide, and certain chemical processes release gases like methane (CH4).
  4. Agriculture: Agricultural practices, such as rice cultivation and livestock farming, can produce methane. Additionally, the use of synthetic fertilizers can lead to the release of nitrous oxide (N2O), another potent greenhouse gas.

As for the longevity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, it varies depending on the specific gas. Here are some approximate lifetimes:

  1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): CO2 is the most prevalent greenhouse gas and has a long atmospheric lifetime. While some CO2 is absorbed by natural processes, a significant portion remains in the atmosphere for hundreds to thousands of years.
  2. Methane (CH4): Methane has a shorter lifetime compared to CO2, lasting about 12 years in the atmosphere. However, it is a much more potent greenhouse gas on a per-molecule basis.
  3. Nitrous Oxide (N2O): N2O has a longer atmospheric lifetime than methane, lasting around 121 years. It is also a potent greenhouse gas.

Human induced climate change is an exponential component of an unordered system (chaos theory). That means global warming is accelerating at a rapid rate in a complex way.

What now?
From 2016-2022, this section was dedicated to hope and optimism; however, 2021 was a record year for greenhouse gas emissions. Then in 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine creating a global energy security crisis. Most countries chose to increase greenhouse gas emissions even further. Therefore, there is little to no hope. Currently, we have crossed the tipping point when human induced climate change triggers a chain reaction of feedback loops. In 2022, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) insisted there is “no credible pathway to 1.5℃ in place.”

The Earth will exceed 1.5℃ (average global surface temperature over the surface of the earth for ten years) by the 2040’s and a societal collapse will ensue. For the most part, the Earth will be uninhabitable for humans by 2070 UNLESS immediate action is taken. UPDATE: Since writing this in 2021, there is enough data to conclude 1.5℃ will be breached a decade earlier. In October 2023, the Imperial College of London published a study that concludes 1.5℃ will be reached by 2030 at our current rate of emissions. The average temperature for 2023 was +1.4℃ with September’s average +1.7℃ and parts of July at +3℃.
— from The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderThe Wind Sings

LYRICS
The wind sings
Strap on wings
… and soar
The Man brings
Terrible things
I can’t ignore
Look down
Look around
Where are you found?
Man up
Man shtup
Come on try
Fly on high
Do or die

The Man clings
Will ignore
Uproar
Of all things
We implore
No more
Look down
Look around
Where are you found?
Man up
Man shtup
Come on try
Fly on high
Do or die

Your spirit
Can lift it
From the heart
We can start
To love
Look down
Look around
Where are you found?
Man up
Man shtup
Come on try
Fly on high
Do or die

Chords: Ebm Db / Db F Bbm Db F Bbm / Bbm Db Eb / Bbm Db Bbm; Part II @ 84 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Ibanez RG-270 (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG

Human induced climate change is an exponential component of an unordered system (chaos theory). That means global warming is accelerating at a rapid rate in a complex way. From 1992 through 2023, we presented evidence and suggested remedies to mitigate climate change. By 2023, the data was undeniable that human induced climate change is destroying our habitat at a rapidly increasing rate.

“For people, for other species, for the ecosystems, for the world we live in, we’ve entered the Age of Loss and Damage, but we’re just at the start. What we are seeing already just makes you want to cry,” said Dr. Christopher Trisos (BBC Interview / MP3 Format) from the University of Cape Town. “We can’t eliminate loss and damage. It is here. That said, there is a lot we can do to limit it.”

The 20th-century surface temperature average for Earth was 13.9℃. In the first weeks of July of 2023, the average temperature was 17℃.
Q: Is it possible for humans to survive at temperatures greater than 3℃?
A: Probably not long. Humans have never done it before.

September 6, 2023: “Climate breakdown has begun,” the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned the world after the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported the world endure its hottest Northern Hemisphere summer in human history. “The dog days of summer are not just barking, they are biting,” the UN chief said in a statement after the report’s release.

“What we are observing, are not only new extremes but the persistence of these record-breaking conditions, and the impacts these have on both people and planet, are a clear consequence of the warming of the climate system,” C3S’s Climate Change Service Director Carlo Buontempo said.

Climate Breakdown is the most concerning development. Climate breakdown happens when feedback loops are created and tipping points are crossed. Plants will become extinct and many carbon sinks will vanish. The Earth’s temperature will continue to accelerate at an exponential rate no matter what humans do. Food, fresh water, and breathable air will cease to exist. Humans will likely follow in short order.

In October of 2023, the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Climate Change Service calculated that the average temperature for September was 16.38 degrees Celsius (61.48 degrees Fahrenheit) breaking the previous record set in September 2020 by a half-degree Celsius (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the largest increase in a monthly record high ever.

“It’s just mind-blowing really,” said Copernicus Director Carlo Buontempo. “Never seen anything like that in any month in our records.”

“This is not a fancy weather statistic. It’s a death sentence for people and ecosystems. It destroys assets, infrastructure, harvest,” Imperial College of London climate scientist Friederike Otto said.

— from Climate Change: How Long Is “Ever”? / Brouse (2023)

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderFill Our End

LYRICS
Are you strong enough
Are you sure
Aren’t we wrong enough
Insecure
Be the cure
So we can endure
Elixir
Be our fixer
Be the mainstay
Show the way
To the day-to-day
We’ll tunnel away
Till you fill our End
Send in the light
Quite

2. Are you smart enough
Are you sure
To depart is rough
That’s for sure!

3. Are you wise enough
Are you sure
Our demise is tough
Let’s love more

Chords: A / E G A / A E A / G D A; Part II @ 106 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Ibeanex RG-Series (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
“We’ll tunnel away till you fill our End. Send in the light.”
The expression “light at the end of the tunnel” is a metaphorical phrase that is often used to convey a sense of hope or optimism in difficult situations. It suggests that even in the darkest and most challenging times, there is a possibility of improvement or a positive outcome on the horizon.

The “tunnel” in this metaphor represents a difficult or challenging period, and the “light” symbolizes hope, relief, or a positive change that awaits at the conclusion of that difficult situation. Essentially, it implies that despite current hardships, there is a glimmer of optimism or a resolution that will eventually be reached.

In the 1990’s, we wrote a paper on the worst-case scenario entitled, “The Impact of Governance & Globalization on Forecasting (The Tunnel Under Thesis).” The theory predicted that forecasting would become increasingly difficult. “The result — a figurative, as well as, literal tunneling underground.” In 2023, we wrote about having crossed tipping points in the paper, “Climate Change: How Long Is ‘Ever’?“. When we wrote the Tunnel Under Thesis in 1995, we forecast crossing these tipping points would not happen for centuries. We underestimated Man’s ignorance and arrogance. Fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have continued to set record highs. Humans have caused chain-reactions resulting in toppled tipping points, feedback loops, and The Domino Effect.

Events we thought would not happen in our lifetimes are happening now. My last resort emergency plan was to escape to Canada. This summer that plan literally went up in smoke. “Beginning in March 2023, and with increased intensity starting in June, Canada has been affected by an ongoing, record-setting series of wildfires.” — Wikipedia

All of my life I have located my office and bedrooms in the uppermost southern exposure (preferably in the tree canopy.) I love sunlight, elevation, trees, fresh air, and wildlife. It is becoming ever more obvious my dreamlife is coming to an end, and I will be forced to tunnel under. For those forward thinkers, think about your poop. Pumping sewage above ground level will be a major problem at all times. In addition, the inability to pump flood water will become deadly during extreme weather events. In July of 2020 NPR reported, “The remnants of Hurricane Ida dropped unprecedented rainfall on several eastern states, killing dozens of people. Eleven of them were Queens residents who died when their basement apartments flooded.” In August of 2022 CNN reported, “Seoul has vowed to move some of the city’s poorest families out of underground and semi-subterranean homes after 13 people were killed in flooding caused by record rainfall this week, sparking public horror and calls for government accountability.” Drowning in your own poop may result for those unprepared.
— from Climate Change: The End of Times Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderWhat’s the Matter With Dark Matter?

LYRICS
1. Watch that quark
She’s ready to spark
Of course
On course
For the strong force

Not right
To wave in the light
Might flight
Into insight
For that matter
Bizarre D*
Dark matter
Dark matter
… a little further
What’s the matter
With dark matter?
Please shed some light
What’s the matter
With dark matter?
She’s alright!
Have to climb Wittgenstein’s ladder
To see delight
In the night

2. Stark hexaquark
Find in the dark
Often found
3 up, 3 down

3. Quote: “Quark can’t be broken”
Spoken: your light awoken

Chords: E7 Am7 D7 / D7 C / C Em / Bm Em / Em E7 / A7 E7 A7 B7 E7; Part II @ 116 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
Quarks are elementary particles and a fundamental constituent of matter. They combine to form protons and neutrons, which in turn make up atomic nuclei. There are six types, or “flavors,” of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Quarks are never found in isolation; they are always bound together by the strong force, mediated by particles called gluons. Current understanding is quarks are indivisible and cannot by broken down.

Dark matter is a mysterious form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects. It is thought to make up about 27% of the total mass and energy content of the universe, as inferred from observations of the large-scale structure of the cosmos and the motion of galaxies.

D* (D-star) hexaquark particles are hypothesized to consist of three up and three down quarks, and have been proposed as a candidate for dark matter. A study found that production of stable d* hexaquarks could account for 85% of the Universe’s dark matter.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, an influential 20th-century philosopher, introduced the concept of “Wittgenstein’s ladder” in his later work, particularly in his book “Philosophical Investigations.” This idea is closely related to his views on language and the nature of philosophy.

The ladder metaphor is used to illustrate the idea that philosophical problems often arise from misunderstandings or misuses of language. Wittgenstein suggests that philosophical confusion can be dispelled by recognizing the ways in which language is used and by clarifying the meanings of words.

The ladder analogy can be explained as follows:

  1. Building the Ladder: Initially, when we encounter a philosophical problem or confusion, we may construct a conceptual framework or use certain words in a particular way. Wittgenstein likens this to building a ladder to reach a certain understanding.
  2. Climbing the Ladder: Once the ladder (conceptual framework or language use) is in place, we use it to address the philosophical issue at hand. However, Wittgenstein argues that the ladder is not meant to be climbed indefinitely. It is a temporary tool for reaching a specific understanding.
  3. Throwing Away the Ladder: After reaching the desired understanding, Wittgenstein suggests that we should discard the ladder. This means that once the clarification is achieved and the problem is understood in a new way, there is no need to hold onto the initial philosophical concepts or language that led to the confusion.

In essence, Wittgenstein’s ladder is a method for overcoming philosophical puzzles and confusion by examining and understanding the language that gives rise to these problems. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing how words are used in different contexts and discourages the tendency to create philosophical theories based on misunderstandings or misuse of language.

For Wittgenstein, the goal of philosophy is not to provide grand theories or solutions but to dissolve philosophical problems by exposing their linguistic origins. By understanding how language functions in everyday life, we can dispel the illusions that lead to philosophical confusion.

bookmark_borderThe Bright Side

LYRICS
Well, look on the bright side
At least we won’t freeze to death
Spread the light far and wide
Before our final breath
Breathe in
Breath out
Cease
Without doubt

We’ll cook on the outside
Humanity’s humidity
The we’ll cook on the flip-side
Humanity’s stupidity
Breathe in
Breath out
Cease
Without doubt
Seize
Opportunity
Cease
Exploiting unity

Give birth from Mother Earth
Live more with far less
Far less “careless”
… behavior…
Savior
Save our souls
From our tolls
Save our souls
From our goals
Our do’s have come due
Blue, but true

Chords: Eb D / D C D / C D / D Eb D / D E A / A C E A / C E A; Part II @ 130 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG

  • Chaos Theory:
    • Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics that studies complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to initial conditions. It deals with deterministic systems that can exhibit unpredictable, chaotic behavior.
    • Chaos theory studies unordered systems. Being in a hurricane is an example of visualizing chaos theory. If you are in the hurricane, the weather appears chaotic; however, if you pull back to a satellite view, you can see a spiraling weather system.
    • Some musicians and composers have incorporated chaos theory principles into their compositions, using mathematical algorithms to generate music that exhibits chaotic or unpredictable patterns. This can result in unique and non-traditional musical structures. Similar to a hurricane, some musical compositions sound chaotic when you are in the middle of it; however, when you pull back and listen to the combined elements, a structure can be heard.
    • In order to focus on their individual parts, members of bands and orchestras tend to isolate their part in their head. In order to make sense of the combined chaos, engineers, producers, and conductors need to “pull back” and listen to all the parts together.
    • Extemporaneous, spontaneous, improvisation, jamming, freestyle, and impromptu music are most closely related to pure chaos. The music and lyrics evolve from the “sensitive initial conditions” similar to “a butterfly flapping its wings in China causing a hurricane in the Atlantic.”
    • from The Science of Chaos Theory, String Theory, and Music Brouse (2024)

Human induced climate change is an exponential component of an unordered system (chaos theory). That means global warming is accelerating at a rapid rate in a complex way.

“Air pollution is: a leading cause of death worldwide, the leading cause of climate change, and the greatest threat to humankind,” The Long-term Breathing Experiment Brouse (2023)

The greatest health risk from climate change to those alive today is the increased moisture content in the air (relative humidity) combined with the increased temperatures.

A Wet-bulb measures the temperature read by a thermometer covered in a wet cloth. As water evaporates from the cloth, evaporation cools the thermometer. This mirrors how the human body cools itself with sweat. The higher the heat and humidity (heat index), the harder it is for sweat to evaporate. The study Adaptability Limit to Climate Change Due to Heat Stress found that a wet-bulb temperature of 35C (95F) at 100% humidity, or 115F at 50% humidity, would be the upper limit of safety, beyond which the human body can no longer cool itself by evaporating sweat from the surface of the body to maintain a stable body core temperature.

The United Nations DRR says:
For every degree Celsius in warming, the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere increases by about 7%. Record-high sea temperatures ensure there is more moisture (in the form of water vapor) in the atmosphere, by an estimated 5-15% compared to before the 1970s, when global temperature rise began in earnest.

Deadly humid heat affects billions including the US Midwest this century. “It’s very disturbing,” study co-author Matthew Huber of Purdue University. “It’s going to send a lot of people to emergency medical care.” The study Greatly enhanced risk to humans as a consequence of empirically determined lower moist heat stress tolerance was conducted by Purdue and George Mason University and published August 15, 2023.

These results indicate that a significant portion of the world’s population will experience — for the first time in human history — prolonged exposures to uncompensable extreme moist heat. Humans will struggle to adapt to these conditions in a warmer world as they will present widespread challenges across many aspects of food-energy-water security, human health, and economic development including in the world’s most populous and most vulnerable regions.

At 3C (5.4F) of yearly average warming, more than 1.5 billion people will suffer. In the summer of 2023, the Earth experienced about a month of warming at 3C above pre-industrial levels. Both 2022 and 2023 saw a record number of heat related deaths. More than 61,000 Europeans died from extreme heat in the summer of 2022.
— from Climate Change and Deadly Humid Heat Brouse (2023)

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderIn Theory

LYRICS
Get off the floor
And out the door
Not like before
So much more
Explore
Chorus of chaos
Strings and things
Core us is chaos
Rings and sings
Vibration elevation
Dynamics of harmonics
In the thick
Of music

Get off the floor
And out the door
Not like before
So much more
Explore
Chorus of chaos
Strings and things
Core us is chaos
Rings and sings
Pythagorean harmonies
Grasp comedy from tragedies
Making quarks spark
Out of music

Get off the floor
And out the door
Not like before
So much more
Explore
Chorus of chaos
Strings and things
Core us is chaos
Rings and sings
Extemporaneous
Spontaneous
Impromptu
Through
Me and you
In the thick
Of music

Chords: A C C A / C G D A / A E E A; Part II @ 129 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
The song was written and recorded extemporaneously.

The relationships between chaos theory, string theory, and music are a complex and interdisciplinary topic.

 

    1. Chaos Theory:
      • Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics that studies complex systems whose behavior is highly sensitive to initial conditions. It deals with deterministic systems that can exhibit unpredictable, chaotic behavior.
      • Chaos theory studies unordered systems. Being in a hurricane is an example of visualizing chaos theory. If you are in the hurricane, the weather appears chaotic; however, if you pull back to a satellite view, you can see a spiraling weather system.
      • Some musicians and composers have incorporated chaos theory principles into their compositions, using mathematical algorithms to generate music that exhibits chaotic or unpredictable patterns. This can result in unique and non-traditional musical structures. Similar to a hurricane, some musical compositions sound chaotic when you are in the middle of it; however, when you pull back and listen to the combined elements, a structure can be heard.
      • In order to focus on their individual parts, members of bands and orchestras tend to isolate their part in their head. In order to make sense of the combined chaos, engineers, producers, and conductors need to “pull back” and listen to all the parts together.
      • Extemporaneous, spontaneous, improvisation, jamming, freestyle, and impromptu music are most closely related to pure chaos. The music and lyrics evolve from the “sensitive initial conditions” similar to “a butterfly flapping its wings in China causing a hurricane in the Atlantic.”

guitar string theory chaos

 

  1. String Theory:
    • M-theory is a theory of “everything” in physics that attempts to unify the five string theories. The “Theory of Everything” (TOE) is a theoretical framework in physics that aims to explain all fundamental forces and particles in the universe within a single, unified theory. This theory seeks to unify the laws of physics, encompassing both quantum mechanics (which describes the behavior of very small particles) and general relativity (which describes the force of gravity on large scales.)
    • String theory aims to explain the fundamental nature of particles and forces in the universe. According to string theory, the basic building blocks of the universe are not point-like particles, as assumed in traditional particle physics, but tiny, one-dimensional “strings.”These strings can vibrate at different frequencies, and the various vibrational modes of these strings correspond to different particles. The idea is that different particles, such as quarks, electrons, and photons, are manifestations of the same fundamental string vibrating in different ways. This unified perspective seeks to provide a consistent and comprehensive description of all fundamental forces and particles in the universe.The vibrational nature of strings is a crucial aspect of string theory. The different vibrational modes give rise to the diverse particles observed in the universe. The mathematical framework of string theory involves describing the dynamics of these vibrating strings and their interactions.

      Some scientists and theorists have explored the idea that the vibrational nature of strings could have parallels with the vibrational nature of musical notes. String theory hypothesizes that very small “strings” vibrations produce the observed particles and forces of nature similar to a vibrating guitar string and heard in Pythagorean harmonies. If you view a guitar string in slow motion, it moves in a variety of ways at the same time in a similar fashion as the forces in subatomic particles.

      “A piano or violin string can resonate or vibrate with many different shapes of vibration corresponding to different tones. There is basic tone and there are higher overtones. The richness or beauty of music has to do with the different interplay of the harmonics,” explains Edward Witten.

— from The Science of Chaos Theory, String Theory, and Music

bookmark_borderFear of the Unknown

LYRICS
Despite the dirt and grime
Despite the vice and crime
At The End of time(s)
I’ll feel fine
Unite with scientists
Solutions we can’t resist
At The End of time(s)
You’ll feel fine
At The End of time(s)
We’ll feel fine
As the fear of the unknown has grown
Look to the sage to be shown
Near the age of the known
Near the age
Of the known
Be a sage
Of mind-blown
Despite the dirt and grime
Despite the vice and crime
At The End of time(s)
I’ll feel fine
Unite with scientists
Solutions we can’t resist
At The End of time(s)
You’ll feel fine
At The End of time(s)
We’ll feel fine
All we have to do is look around
Answers to be found abound
Near the age of the known
Near the age
Of the known
Be a sage
Of mind-blown

Despite the dirt and grime
Despite the vice and crime
At The End of time(s)
I’ll feel fine
Unite with scientists
Solutions we can’t resist
At The End of time(s)
You’ll feel fine
At The End of time(s)
We’ll feel fine
The fear of the unknown is gone
Moving on… feeling knowledge dawn
Near the age of the known
Near the age
Of the known
Be a sage
Of mind-blown

Chords: F/7 Eb Bb F / Ab Eb Bb / Eb Bb F; Part II @ 152 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
Fear
Why are people afraid of climate change?

The fear of the unknown and the fear of the dark are both common human fears that can be rooted in our evolutionary history and psychological factors.

  1. Fear of the Unknown:
    • This fear is often associated with uncertainty and the unfamiliar. Humans naturally seek predictability and control in their environment, and the unknown represents a lack of control.
    • It can manifest in various aspects of life, such as fear of the future, fear of the unfamiliar, or fear of the unpredictable.
  2. Fear of the Dark:
    • Fear of the dark, known as nyctophobia, is a common fear, especially in children. It may stem from a survival instinct, as humans historically needed to be cautious in the dark to avoid potential dangers. There is an innate fear of the unknown.
    • Imagination and the inability to see clearly in low light conditions can contribute to feelings of vulnerability and fear.

Both fears are deeply ingrained in the human experience and can vary in intensity from person to person. Understanding and addressing these fears often involve a combination of psychological strategies, exposure therapy, and cognitive-behavioral techniques to reframe perceptions and reactions.

Climate Change Knowledge
We know the following to be inevitable and irreversible:

  • Mountain Glacier Loss
  • Greenland Ice Sheet Collapse
  • Antarctic Ice Sheet Collapse
  • Collapse of AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)
  • Amazon Rainforest Dieback
  • Northern Permafrost Collapse

Tipping cascades have emerged between biogeophysical and social-ecological systems. This Domino Effect is causing climate change to accelerate at an exponential rate.

Tipping points are Critical Milestones that directly impact the rate of acceleration in climate change by multiplying the number and intensity of feedback loops.

Tipping Points

Push a glass toward the edge of a table and eventually it will fall off on its own. No matter how slowly or meticulously you push… no matter how you weight or fill the glass, it will reach a tipping point and fall off before being pushed completely off the table. No matter whether you believe the glass is half-empty or half-full, when the tipping point is reached it will plummet out-of-control to its end. This is science not fate, faith, nor belief. Human induced climate change has resulted in environmental tipping points being breached.

Tipping points, when crossed, trigger self-sustaining feedback loops that are no longer dependent on human activity. Similar to when a domino topples over hitting two more dominoes that in turn fall hitting more dominoes. Thus, the name The Domino Effect. It can also be visualized as The Snowball Effect. A tipping point is like a snowball rolling down a hill growing in mass and velocity (momentum). When a tipping point is crossed, it results in cumulative and reinforced global warming.

Crossing even a single tipping point is alarming. For instance, crossing the tipping point for ‘mountain glacier loss‘ has immediate consequences: millions of people in Europe will be impacted by the lack of fresh water. Billions of people that live along coasts will be impacted by the saline infiltration and eventually by the submerging of their property. In September of 2022, UNESCO reported accelerated melting of glaciers in World Heritage sites, with glaciers in a third of sites set to disappear by 2050. In September of 2023, the GLAMOS glacier monitoring center found 10% of Swiss glaciers had disappeared in the last 2 years. They do not expect any Swiss glaciers will be left by 2050 no matter what actions are taken. If extreme measures are taken, they anticipate we may be able to save some polar glaciers.

This in and of itself should be alarming; however, it gets worse. Tipping points are parts of feedback loop systems. The ice-albedo feedback loop is an expression of the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight (heat from the sun). Any loss of ice over a darker surface means the surface will absorb more heat and reflect less heat. This process makes the Earth warmer causing more loss of ice, which in turn causes more warming of the Earth. So, yes, the mountain ice tipping point is quite alarming for both its immediate impact as well as its self-sustaining growth to global warming; but wait, it gets more alarming. The increasing temperatures due to crossing a tipping point cause other tipping points to be toppled (The Domino Effect).

Long run sea level rise New Jersey Coast

By the Autumn of 2023, it had become evident the West Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets will completely melt. The process is irreversible and inevitable. The cool water from the melting ice at the poles is being drawn toward the center of the Earth and getting warmed to record high temperatures. The warm, moist air is circulating and moving over land. These changes in climate systems will cause other areas to experience unprecedented drought. We expect sea level rise will total about 270 feet over the next several millennia. It is episodic, and in the fast bits it can go up 3 feet every twenty years for five hundred years. The melting Arctic and Antarctic have multiple feedback loops including: enhanced oceanic heating and ice-albedo, Planck feedback, lapse-rate feedback, and cloud feedback.

The tipping point for the collapse of AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) was thought to be centuries away, at the earliest. In July of 2023, the study Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was published in the journal Nature Communications. “Here we provide statistical significance and data-driven estimators for the time of tipping. We estimate a collapse of the AMOC to occur around mid-century (2025-2095) under the current scenario of future emissions.” The collapse is likely to cause faster sea level rise on the east coast of the US, more severe storms in Europe, and increasing drought in the Sahel in Africa. “From the study of past climate, we know changes in the AMOC have been some of the most abrupt and impactful events in the history of climate,” said Prof. Stefan Rahmstorf, at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany and world leading oceanographer. During the last Ice Age, winter temperatures changed by up to 10C within three years in some places. “We are dealing with a system that in some aspects is highly non-linear, so fiddling with it is very dangerous, because you may well trigger some surprises,” he said. “I wish I knew where this critical tipping point is, but that is unfortunately just what we don’t know. We should avoid disrupting the AMOC at all costs. It is one more reason why we should stop global warming as soon as possible.” A feedback loop created by the AMOC tipping point would cause a disruption of weather systems and circulation. The result would be the loss of naturally occurring carbon sinks. One scenario is desertification of the Amazon rainforest. In 2023, the Amazon River and the Rio Negro set record low levels.

The tipping point / feedback loop problem is very complex (chaos theory) and exponentially alarming. Yet another tipping point appears to have been triggered before 2024 — Amazon Rainforest Dieback. The Amazon is often referred to as ‘the lungs of our planet.’ Not only does the Amazon suck in huge quantities of CO2 and breath out O2, but the Amazon soils also store huge amounts of CO2. The desertification of the Amazon would result in a release of the carbon as the soils disappeared.
— from Toppled Tipping Points: The Domino Effect / Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

What will the “End of Times” look like?

“The era of global warming has ended and the era of ‘global boiling’ has arrived. Climate change is here. It is terrifying. And it is just the beginning”, UN secretary general, António Guterres, said after scientists confirmed July 2023 was on track to be the world’s hottest month on record.

Movement of people and animals caused by climate is one factor. Warming at higher latitudes allowed vectors and pathogens to survive winter is another factor. The report goes on to say, “The human pathogenic diseases and transmission pathways aggravated by climatic hazards are too numerous for comprehensive societal adaptations, highlighting the urgent need to work at the source of the problem: reducing GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions.”

This research reveals more evidence that humans will have difficulty adapting to climate change, especially those in developing countries, Mora said. “The magnitude of the vulnerability when you think about one or two diseases — okay, sure, we can deal with that,” he said. “But when you’re talking about 58% of the diseases, and 58% of those diseases can be affected or triggered in 1,000 different ways. So that, to me, was also revealing of the fact that we’re not going to be able to adapt to climate change.”

In 2023, we wrote about having crossed tipping points in the paper, “Climate Change: How Long Is ‘Ever’?“. When we wrote the Tunnel Under Thesis in 1995, we forecast crossing these tipping points would not happen for centuries. We underestimated Man’s ignorance and arrogance. Fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have continued to set record highs. Humans have caused chain-reactions resulting in toppled tipping points, feedback loops, and The Domino Effect.

Events we thought would not happen in our lifetimes are happening now.

There will be enough ice melt to raise sea levels 220 feet. We estimate 270 feet to be “the minimum safe” elevation to live. High-tides, waves, coastal flooding, storm surge, grade of shoreline, etc. would make the lowest elevations for living space to be at least 270 feet above pre-industrial sea levels. This would be the minimum elevation. Personally, I would not want to live that low. As the water submerges sewage treatment plants, landfills, chickens, cows, and all sorts of other bio-hazards, the waters will become toxic. In addition, much of the land will experience salinization making it unfit for plant life. Another concern for elevations under 800 feet is living on an island. Many locations at lower elevations will become isolated. Living on an island has many problems including fresh water, food, shelter, and healthcare. Security from pirates pilfering, raping, and plundering will likely be the overriding concern. Of course, I don’t expect that to happen for millennia, but I hope government planners do plan for it now. If you look at Florida as an example, parts of the coastline have seen sea levels rise over 14-20 feet in the last decade. Although the storm surge was only for hours, you wouldn’t want to live there during those hours. Not to mention, the frequency of these extreme weather events will rise exponentially. Thus, our recommendation to evacuate Florida now (i.e. Managed Retreat). The billions of dollars spent to rebuild after Hurricane Ida will all be for naught. Allowing building there will needlessly endanger property and lives. Parts of the world have already seen storm surges of 40 feet. I expect most North American coastlines will see sea levels rise, if only temporarily, by 20-40 feet this century. As far as long run sea level rise, much will depend on location, gravity, isostatic adjustment, and thermal expansion. If the ocean temperatures get warm enough (thermal expansion), parts of the world may see sea levels rise to 270 feet for long periods of times. Other parts of the world, like Greenland, may actually see sea levels decline. In any event, the Earth crossed tipping points this decade which make extreme sea level rise inevitable and irreversible in our lifetimes. Planners should plan on it.

Sidd reiterated, “That 270 feet will take a long time. I would be more careful about the violent rain than the ice melt.” Expect to see increasing intensity and/or frequency in a wide variety of violent rain events including: downpours, flooding, hurricanes, cyclones, monsoons, coastal flooding, storm surges, lightning and wildfires, hail, extreme wind, and concurrent extremes. The reign of violent rain has already begun. More hillsides and shorelines are collapsing. Atmospheric rivers are dramatically increasing flash flooding in the Northeastern USA. Worldwide, stormwater systems are becoming overwhelmed. Ironically, the streets of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, UAE, flooded days before the COP28 Climate Conference. Nowhere is safe from violent rain, not even in the desert preparing for a UN meeting on the climate crisis. As a result of increasing violent rain, new drainage culverts are forming. Eventually, the culverts will transform into recurring streams, carving new canyons, creating new landscapes and islands. In addition, extreme weather events are increasing the frequency of lightning storms and wildfires. After wildfires, rain deluges cause massive landslides transforming the topography. At the same time as the violent rain makes its way to the sea, the sea is rising to meet the violent rain.

In the article “Violent Rain and the Substrate,” Greg Laden, coastal archaeologist, said, “With a little erosion, the Hudson, Lake Champlain, and the St. Lawrence could become contiguous, so New England becomes an Island.”

For any remaining humans, fresh air, water, food, and sunlight will all be problematic; however, your most severe concern will likely be security. Those with supplies will be at high risk of being raped and looted. Good luck!
— from Climate Change: The End of Times / Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

Conclusion
Don’t be afraid. Shed some light on global warming. Learn what is going to happen so you can reduce your anxiety and prepare for the inevitable.

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderOpen Our Eyes

LYRICS
If we can see our way clear from here
Then we can be the way to hear clear
Can we produce
With less use
Can you and I
Utilize?
Open our eyes
No surprise
Live life or die

If we can see our way clear from here
Then we can be the way to hear clear
Can we consume
With less doom
Can you and I
Utilize?
Open our eyes
No surprise
Live life or die

If we can see our way clear from here
Then we can be the way to hear clear
Can we reduce
Useless use
Can you and I
Utilize?
Open our eyes
No surprise
Live life or die

If we can see our way clear from here
Then we can be the way to hear clear
Can we refrain
Beings insane
Can you and I
Utilize?
Open our eyes
No surprise
Live life or die

Riff: e f# g A
Chords: A / A E A / C G A ; Part II @ 110 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG

At what rate is climate change accelerating?
A: Rapidly
As described above, we do not know the rate of acceleration other than to say it is more rapid than previously thought. In the summer of 2023, the extreme temperatures left most climate scientists shocked. The average earth surface temperature recorded record highs for months reaching over 3 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The Paris Agreement calls for keeping temperatures below 1.5 degrees. Scientists concur that a rise of 2 degrees will trigger feedback loops and tipping points. Triggering these tipping points results in the CO2 stored in nature to be released at an exponential growth rate. How extreme the acceleration will be depends on tipping points toppling other tipping points in what is known as The Domino Effect. Toppled tipping points will continue to shrink the doubling time and exponentially increase the rate of global warming. Though we do not know how much carbon is stored in nature, it would be reasonable to assume that the temperature could be pushed from 3 degrees to 6 degrees above pre-industrial levels. Humans can not thrive above a rise of 1.5 degrees. Humans can not liekly survive if the temperature rises 6 degrees.

About the 2023 wildfires in Hawaii, Governor Josh Green said, “For perspective, we’ve had six fire emergencies this August, we had six fire emergencies between 1953 and 2003. That’s how- how fast things are changing. I know that there is debate out there whether we should be talking about climate change or not. Well, let’s be real world, climate change is here we are in the midst of it with a hotter planet, and fiercer storms.”

About the catastrophic die-off of 10,000 emperor penguin chicks in the Antarctic, Dr. Caroline Holmes of the British Antarctic Survey (an expert on Antarctic sea-ice) said, “What we’re seeing right now is so far outside what we’ve observed previously. We expected change but I don’t think we expected so much change so rapidly.”

Some areas of the world are now warming so fast, it is becoming more difficult to measure the change from “normal” or average. Jeff Boyne, National Weather Service meteorologist and climatologist, said, “There are climate normals that are updated every 10 to 15 years, because the planet is warming so fast. The ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) regions are warming so fast that those normals are being updated every 5 years.”

“It’s so far outside anything we’ve seen, it’s almost mind-blowing,” says Walter Meier, who monitors sea-ice with the National Snow and Ice Data Center. “September was, in my professional opinion as a climate scientist, absolutely gobsmackingly bananas,” said Zeke Hausfather, at the Berkeley Earth climate data project.”
— from Climate Change: Rate of Acceleration / Brouse and Mukherjee (2023)

What Can I Do?
There are plenty of things you can do to help save the planet. Stop using fossil fuels. Consume less. Love more. Here is a list of additional actions you can take.

A song about The Human Induced Climate Change Experiment

bookmark_borderTwilight

LYRICS
Twilight
Glows right
Between day and night
Twilight
Scatters the rays
Between nights and days
To know “bask in the glow”
Of the refraction show
Please, within 18 degrees
Spawn nocturnal dawn
Busk in civil dusk
the music plays on
The future’s a must
Return to stardust

Twilight
Glows right
Between day and night
Twilight
Scatters the rays
Between nights and days
To grow into the afterglow
Sun’s below the refraction show
Light flees within 18 degrees
Spawn nocturnal dawn
Busk in civil dusk
the music plays on
The future’s a must
Return to stardust

Twilight
Glows right
Between day and night
Twilight
Scatters the rays
Between nights and days
With hindsight of daylight
Gaining insight
Cast no shadow
Out my window
Spawn nocturnal dawn
Busk in civil dusk

the music plays on
The future’s a must
Return to stardust

Chords: C CM7 Am7 / Em7 Am7 / C CM7 Am7 / C B7 Em/7; Part II @ 98 Beats Per Minute
Instrumentation: Vocals (TC-Helicon VOICELIVE and MiniNova Vocorder), Ibanez Acoustic Guitar, Fender Squire Mini (Boss Digital Delay), Fender Jazz Bass (Boss Digital Delay), Keyboards (Korg PS60, Casio WK-3500, Yamaha PSR-740, MiniNova, MicroKorg)

ABOUT THE SONG
The science behind twilight, nocturnal dawn, civil dusk, 18 degrees of horizon, and the absence of shadows is related to the Earth’s atmosphere and the position of the Sun in the sky. Twilight is caused by the refraction and scattering of the sun’s rays from the atmosphere.

  1. Twilight:
    • Twilight is the period of time before sunrise and after sunset when the Sun is below the horizon, but its rays still illuminate the sky.
    • It is divided into three phases: civil twilight, nautical twilight, and astronomical twilight.
  2. Nocturnal Dawn:
    • Nocturnal dawn refers to the early morning light during astronomical twilight before sunrise. It is when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon.
  3. Civil Dusk:
    • Civil dusk is the period of evening twilight after sunset when the Sun is between 0 and 6 degrees below the horizon. During this time, there is still enough natural light for most outdoor activities without artificial lighting.
  4. 18 Degrees of Horizon:
    • 18 degrees corresponds to the maximum angle below the horizon for twilight to occur. For example, nocturnal dawn occurs when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon.
  5. Cast No Shadows:
    • When the Sun is below the horizon during twilight, the light is diffused through the Earth’s atmosphere, creating a more even illumination. Shadows are less pronounced or even absent during these times compared to when the Sun is higher in the sky.

These phenomena are influenced by the Earth’s rotation, the tilt of its axis, and the scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere. The specific angles and characteristics of twilight phases can vary based on geographic location and time of year.

Are humans made from stardust?
Yes, the statement “humans are made from stardust” is rooted in scientific fact. The basic elements that make up the human body, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and many others, were formed through nuclear fusion processes within stars. These elements were then released into space when stars underwent supernova explosions. Over time, these stardust particles came together to form celestial bodies, including Earth. The atoms in our bodies were once part of stars, making the connection between humans and stardust a fascinating aspect of cosmology and astrophysics.